Fusion and Orthogonal Projection for Improved Face-Voice Association
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Abstract (arXiv)
We study the problem of learning association between face and voice, which is gaining interest in the computer vision community lately. Prior works adopt pairwise or triplet loss formulations to learn an embedding space amenable for associated matching and verification tasks. Albeit showing some progress, such loss formulations are, however, restrictive due to dependency on distance-dependent margin parameter, poor run-time training complexity, and reliance on carefully crafted negative mining procedures. In this work, we hypothesize that enriched feature representation coupled with an effective yet efficient supervision is necessary in realizing a discriminative joint embedding space for improved face-voice association. To this end, we propose a light-weight, plug-and-play mechanism that exploits the complementary cues in both modalities to form enriched fused embeddings and clusters them based on their identity labels via orthogonality constraints. We coin our proposed mechanism as fusion and orthogonal projection (FOP) and instantiate in a two-stream pipeline. The overall resulting framework is evaluated on a large-scale VoxCeleb dataset with a multitude of tasks, including cross-modal verification and matching. Results show that our method performs favourably against the current state-of-the-art methods and our proposed supervision formulation is more effective and efficient than the ones employed by the contemporary methods.
Key facts. Cited by 29 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Dec 2021.
Builds on
13 of 21 references.
References · 13
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,849
- 2017VoxCeleb: a large-scale speaker identification datasetcited by 732
- 2017Gated Multimodal Units for Information Fusioncited by 248
- 2018Seeing Voices and Hearing Faces: Cross-modal biometric matchingcited by 60
- 2018Learnable PINs: Cross-Modal Embeddings for Person Identitycited by 60
- 2019Utterance-level Aggregation For Speaker Recognition In The Wildcited by 50
- 2021Orthogonal Projection Losscited by 44
- 2018On Learning Associations of Faces and Voicescited by 26
- 2020Cross-modal Speaker Verification and Recognition: A Multilingual Perspectivecited by 26
- 2018Disjoint Mapping Network for Cross-modal Matching of Voices and Facescited by 22
- 2021Seeking the Shape of Sound: An Adaptive Framework for Learning Voice-Face Associationcited by 21
- 2019Deep Latent Space Learning for Cross-modal Mapping of Audio and Visual Signalscited by 20
1 more
- 2018Git Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 7; 2025: 8; 2026: 7.
29 papers.
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- 2023Single-branch Network for Multimodal Trainingcited by 13
- 2024A Multimodal Single-Branch Embedding Network for Recommendation in Cold-Start and Missing Modality Scenarioscited by 13
- 2023Speaker Recognition in Realistic Scenario Using Multimodal Datacited by 9
- 2025PAEFF: Precise Alignment and Enhanced Gated Feature Fusion for Face-Voice Associationcited by 9
- 2025Face-voice Association in Multilingual Environments (FAME) 2026 Challenge Evaluation Plancited by 6
- 2025Linking Faces and Voices Across Languages: Insights from the FAME 2026 Challengecited by 5
- 2024Face-voice Association in Multilingual Environments (FAME) Challenge 2024 Evaluation Plancited by 4
- 2024Modality Invariant Multimodal Learning to Handle Missing Modalities: A Single-Branch Approachcited by 4
- 2022Learning Branched Fusion and Orthogonal Projection for Face-Voice Associationcited by 3
- 2023DCTM: Dilated Convolutional Transformer Model for Multimodal Engagement Estimation in Conversationcited by 3
- 2022Guiding Attention using Partial-Order Relationships for Image Captioningcited by 2
- 2022Learning Audio-Visual embedding for Person Verification in the Wildcited by 2
17 more
- 2024Chameleon: Images Are What You Need For Multimodal Learning Robust To Missing Modalitiescited by 2
- 2025Shared Multi-modal Embedding Space for Face-Voice Associationcited by 2
- 2024Exploring Robust Face-Voice Matching in Multilingual Environmentscited by 1
- 2024Contrastive Learning-based Chaining-Cluster for Multilingual Voice-Face Associationcited by 1
- 2025RFOP: Rethinking Fusion and Orthogonal Projection for Face-Voice Associationcited by 1
- 2025XM-ALIGN: Unified Cross-Modal Embedding Alignment for Face-Voice Associationcited by 1
- 2026Face-Voice Association with Inductive Bias for Maximum Class Separationcited by 1
- 2026POLY-SIM: Polyglot Speaker Identification with Missing Modality Grand Challenge 2026 Evaluation Plancited by 1
- 2026AMR: Adaptive Modality Routing for Multimodal Polyglot Speaker Identificationcited by 1
- 2023More than Vanilla Fusion: a Simple, Decoupling-free, Attention Module for Multimodal Fusion Based on Signal Theorycited by 0
- 2024Fuse after Align: Improving Face-Voice Association Learning via Multimodal Encodercited by 0
- 2025MuteSwap: Visual-informed Silent Video Identity Conversioncited by 0
- 2025Parameter-Efficient Single Collaborative Branch for Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026SB-BEVFusion: Enhancing the Robustness against Sensor Malfunction and Corruptionscited by 0
- 2026Learning Speaker Identity Beyond Language and Modality Constraints: Insights from the POLY-SIM 2026 Challengecited by 0
- 2026Face and Voice Cross-modal Association with Learning Convex Feature Embeddingcited by 0
- 2026Face-voice Association across LAnguages and Gender (FLAG) 2027 Challenge Evaluation Plancited by 0
- 2026Face-voice Association across LAnguages and Gender (FLAG) 2027 Challenge Evaluation Plan15 Sep 2026
- 2026Face and Voice Cross-modal Association with Learning Convex Feature Embedding30 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Speaker Identity Beyond Language and Modality Constraints: Insights from the POLY-SIM 2026 Challenge15 Jul 2026
- 2026AMR: Adaptive Modality Routing for Multimodal Polyglot Speaker Identification28 Jun 2026
- 2026SB-BEVFusion: Enhancing the Robustness against Sensor Malfunction and Corruptions12 May 2026
- 2026POLY-SIM: Polyglot Speaker Identification with Missing Modality Grand Challenge 2026 Evaluation Plan25 Mar 2026
- 2026Face-Voice Association with Inductive Bias for Maximum Class Separation20 Jan 2026
- 2025Linking Faces and Voices Across Languages: Insights from the FAME 2026 Challenge23 Dec 2025
- 2025XM-ALIGN: Unified Cross-Modal Embedding Alignment for Face-Voice Association7 Dec 2025
- 2025Shared Multi-modal Embedding Space for Face-Voice Association4 Dec 2025
- 2025RFOP: Rethinking Fusion and Orthogonal Projection for Face-Voice Association2 Dec 2025
- 2025Face-voice Association in Multilingual Environments (FAME) 2026 Challenge Evaluation Plan6 Aug 2025
17 more
- 2025Parameter-Efficient Single Collaborative Branch for Recommendation5 Aug 2025
- 2025MuteSwap: Visual-informed Silent Video Identity Conversion1 Jul 2025
- 2025PAEFF: Precise Alignment and Enhanced Gated Feature Fusion for Face-Voice Association22 May 2025
- 2024A Multimodal Single-Branch Embedding Network for Recommendation in Cold-Start and Missing Modality Scenarios26 Sep 2024
- 2024Modality Invariant Multimodal Learning to Handle Missing Modalities: A Single-Branch Approach14 Aug 2024
- 2024Contrastive Learning-based Chaining-Cluster for Multilingual Voice-Face Association4 Aug 2024
- 2024Exploring Robust Face-Voice Matching in Multilingual Environments29 Jul 2024
- 2024Chameleon: Images Are What You Need For Multimodal Learning Robust To Missing Modalities23 Jul 2024
- 2024Fuse after Align: Improving Face-Voice Association Learning via Multimodal Encoder15 Apr 2024
- 2024Face-voice Association in Multilingual Environments (FAME) Challenge 2024 Evaluation Plan14 Apr 2024
- 2023More than Vanilla Fusion: a Simple, Decoupling-free, Attention Module for Multimodal Fusion Based on Signal Theory12 Dec 2023
- 2023DCTM: Dilated Convolutional Transformer Model for Multimodal Engagement Estimation in Conversation31 Jul 2023
- 2023Single-branch Network for Multimodal Training10 Mar 2023
- 2023Speaker Recognition in Realistic Scenario Using Multimodal Data25 Feb 2023
- 2022Learning Audio-Visual embedding for Person Verification in the Wild9 Sep 2022
- 2022Learning Branched Fusion and Orthogonal Projection for Face-Voice Association22 Aug 2022
- 2022Guiding Attention using Partial-Order Relationships for Image Captioning15 Apr 2022
- 2023Single-branch Network for Multimodal Trainingcited by 13
- 2024A Multimodal Single-Branch Embedding Network for Recommendation in Cold-Start and Missing Modality Scenarioscited by 13
- 2023Speaker Recognition in Realistic Scenario Using Multimodal Datacited by 9
- 2025PAEFF: Precise Alignment and Enhanced Gated Feature Fusion for Face-Voice Associationcited by 9
- 2025Face-voice Association in Multilingual Environments (FAME) 2026 Challenge Evaluation Plancited by 6
- 2025Linking Faces and Voices Across Languages: Insights from the FAME 2026 Challengecited by 5
- 2024Face-voice Association in Multilingual Environments (FAME) Challenge 2024 Evaluation Plancited by 4
- 2024Modality Invariant Multimodal Learning to Handle Missing Modalities: A Single-Branch Approachcited by 4
- 2022Learning Branched Fusion and Orthogonal Projection for Face-Voice Associationcited by 3
- 2023DCTM: Dilated Convolutional Transformer Model for Multimodal Engagement Estimation in Conversationcited by 3
- 2022Guiding Attention using Partial-Order Relationships for Image Captioningcited by 2
- 2022Learning Audio-Visual embedding for Person Verification in the Wildcited by 2
12 most cited of 29 All 29 (JSON)
- 2026Face-voice Association across LAnguages and Gender (FLAG) 2027 Challenge Evaluation Plan15 Sep 2026
- 2026Face and Voice Cross-modal Association with Learning Convex Feature Embedding30 Jul 2026
- 2026Learning Speaker Identity Beyond Language and Modality Constraints: Insights from the POLY-SIM 2026 Challenge15 Jul 2026
- 2026AMR: Adaptive Modality Routing for Multimodal Polyglot Speaker Identification28 Jun 2026
- 2026SB-BEVFusion: Enhancing the Robustness against Sensor Malfunction and Corruptions12 May 2026
- 2026POLY-SIM: Polyglot Speaker Identification with Missing Modality Grand Challenge 2026 Evaluation Plan25 Mar 2026
- 2026Face-Voice Association with Inductive Bias for Maximum Class Separation20 Jan 2026
- 2025Linking Faces and Voices Across Languages: Insights from the FAME 2026 Challenge23 Dec 2025
- 2025XM-ALIGN: Unified Cross-Modal Embedding Alignment for Face-Voice Association7 Dec 2025
- 2025Shared Multi-modal Embedding Space for Face-Voice Association4 Dec 2025
- 2025RFOP: Rethinking Fusion and Orthogonal Projection for Face-Voice Association2 Dec 2025
- 2025Face-voice Association in Multilingual Environments (FAME) 2026 Challenge Evaluation Plan6 Aug 2025
12 newest of 29 All 29 (JSON)