Lesan -- Machine Translation for Low Resource Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
Millions of people around the world can not access content on the Web because most of the content is not readily available in their language. Machine translation (MT) systems have the potential to change this for many languages. Current MT systems provide very accurate results for high resource language pairs, e.g., German and English. However, for many low resource languages, MT is still under active research. The key challenge is lack of datasets to build these systems. We present Lesan, an MT system for low resource languages. Our pipeline solves the key bottleneck to low resource MT by leveraging online and offline sources, a custom OCR system for Ethiopic and an automatic alignment module. The final step in the pipeline is a sequence to sequence model that takes parallel corpus as input and gives us a translation model. Lesan's translation model is based on the Transformer architecture. After constructing a base model, back translation, is used to leverage monolingual corpora. Currently Lesan supports translation to and from Tigrinya, Amharic and English. We perform extensive human evaluation and show that Lesan outperforms state-of-the-art systems such as Google Translate and Microsoft Translator across all six pairs. Lesan is freely available and has served more than 10 million translations so far. At the moment, there are only 217 Tigrinya and 15,009 Amharic Wikipedia articles. We believe that Lesan will contribute towards democratizing access to the Web through MT for millions of people.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 4 of its 7 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Dec 2021.
Builds on
4 of 7 references.
References · 4
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2016Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translationcited by 1,471
- 2017OpenNMT: Open-source Toolkit for Neural Machine Translationcited by 251
- 2018Dual Conditional Cross-Entropy Filtering of Noisy Parallel Corporacited by 40
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 3.
5 papers.
- 2025Charting the Landscape of African NLP: Mapping Progress and Shaping the Road Aheadcited by 15
- 2024Low-resourced Languages and Online Knowledge Repositories: A Need-Finding Studycited by 5
- 2023Enhancing Translation for Indigenous Languages: Experiments with Multilingual Modelscited by 4
- 2025Enhancing Low-Resource Minority Language Translation with LLMs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Cultural Nuancescited by 2
- 2025Natural Language Processing for Tigrinya: Current State and Future Directionscited by 2
- 2025Natural Language Processing for Tigrinya: Current State and Future Directions23 Jul 2025
- 2025Charting the Landscape of African NLP: Mapping Progress and Shaping the Road Ahead27 May 2025
- 2025Enhancing Low-Resource Minority Language Translation with LLMs and Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Cultural Nuances16 May 2025
- 2024Low-resourced Languages and Online Knowledge Repositories: A Need-Finding Study26 May 2024
- 2023Enhancing Translation for Indigenous Languages: Experiments with Multilingual Models27 May 2023