mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

System Combination for Grammatical Error Correction Based on Integer Programming

arXiv 2111.01465 ↗First posted 2 Nov 2021cs.CLcited by 7

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a system combination method for grammatical error correction (GEC), based on nonlinear integer programming (IP). Our method optimizes a novel F score objective based on error types, and combines multiple end-to-end GEC systems. The proposed IP approach optimizes the selection of a single best system for each grammatical error type present in the data. Experiments of the IP approach on combining state-of-the-art standalone GEC systems show that the combined system outperforms all standalone systems. It improves F0.5 score by 3.61% when combining the two best participating systems in the BEA 2019 shared task, and achieves F0.5 score of 73.08%. We also perform experiments to compare our IP approach with another state-of-the-art system combination method for GEC, demonstrating IP's competitive combination capability.

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Nov 2021.

Builds on

7 of 22 references.

References · 7

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2015Improving Neural Machine Translation Models with Monolingual Datacited by 788
  3. 2018Approaching Neural Grammatical Error Correction as a Low-Resource Machine Translation Taskcited by 56
  4. 2019An Empirical Study of Incorporating Pseudo Data into Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 55
  5. 2019Improving Grammatical Error Correction via Pre-Training a Copy-Augmented Architecture with Unlabeled Datacited by 50
  6. 2019A Neural Grammatical Error Correction System Built On Better Pre-training and Sequential Transfer Learningcited by 26
  7. 2019Learning to combine Grammatical Error Correctionscited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

7 papers.

  1. 2022Grammatical Error Correction: A Survey of the State of the Artcited by 43
  2. 2024Efficient and Interpretable Grammatical Error Correction with Mixture of Expertscited by 3
  3. 2024Optimizing Class-Level Probability Reweighting Coefficients for Equitable Prompting Accuracycited by 2
  4. 2025Ensemble Debiasing Across Class and Sample Levels for Fairer Prompting Accuracycited by 1
  5. 2026Edit-level Majority Voting Mitigates Over-Correction in LLM-based Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 1
  6. 2024Constrained C-Test Generation via Mixed-Integer Programmingcited by 0
  7. 2025ArbESC+: Arabic Enhanced Edit Selection System Combination for Grammatical Error Correction Resolving conflict and improving system combination in Arabic GECcited by 0