Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss for Open Set Recognition
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
One of the challenges in pattern recognition is open set recognition. Compared with closed set recognition, open set recognition needs to reduce not only the empirical risk, but also the open space risk, and the reduction of these two risks corresponds to classifying the known classes and identifying the unknown classes respectively. How to reduce the open space risk is the key of open set recognition. This paper explores the origin of the open space risk by analyzing the distribution of known and unknown classes features. On this basis, the spatial location constraint prototype loss function is proposed to reduce the two risks simultaneously. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets and many visualization results indicate that our methods is superior to most existing approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Oct 2021.
Builds on
10 of 32 references.
References · 10
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,498
- 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,355
- 2013Speech Recognition with Deep Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 669
- 2015Towards Open Set Deep Networkscited by 538
- 2018Reducing Network Agnostophobiacited by 165
- 2017Generative OpenMax for Multi-Class Open Set Classificationcited by 157
- 2018Classification-Reconstruction Learning for Open-Set Recognitioncited by 146
- 2018Robust Classification with Convolutional Prototype Learningcited by 123
- 2020Learning Open Set Network with Discriminative Reciprocal Pointscited by 115
- 2020Conditional Gaussian Distribution Learning for Open Set Recognitioncited by 104
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 1.
2 papers.
- 2025Handling Out-of-Distribution Data: A Surveycited by 14
- 2023A Survey on Open-Set Image Recognitioncited by 7
- 2025Handling Out-of-Distribution Data: A Survey25 Jul 2025
- 2023A Survey on Open-Set Image Recognition25 Dec 2023