mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Using multiple reference audios and style embedding constraints for speech synthesis

arXiv 2110.04451 ↗First posted 9 Oct 2021cs.SD cs.AI eess.AScited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

The end-to-end speech synthesis model can directly take an utterance as reference audio, and generate speech from the text with prosody and speaker characteristics similar to the reference audio. However, an appropriate acoustic embedding must be manually selected during inference. Due to the fact that only the matched text and speech are used in the training process, using unmatched text and speech for inference would cause the model to synthesize speech with low content quality. In this study, we propose to mitigate these two problems by using multiple reference audios and style embedding constraints rather than using only the target audio. Multiple reference audios are automatically selected using the sentence similarity determined by Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). In addition, we use ''target'' style embedding from a Pre-trained encoder as a constraint by considering the mutual information between the predicted and ''target'' style embedding. The experimental results show that the proposed model can improve the speech naturalness and content quality with multiple reference audios and can also outperform the baseline model in ABX preference tests of style similarity.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2021.

Builds on

15 of 23 references.

References · 15

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2017Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictionscited by 800
  3. 2018MINE: Mutual Information Neural Estimationcited by 680
  4. 2017Tacotron: Towards End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 487
  5. 2018Style Tokens: Unsupervised Style Modeling, Control and Transfer in End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 257
  6. 2018Efficient Neural Audio Synthesiscited by 218
  7. 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 182
  8. 2018Towards End-to-End Prosody Transfer for Expressive Speech Synthesis with Tacotroncited by 171
  9. 2018Learning latent representations for style control and transfer in end-to-end speech synthesiscited by 61
  10. 2018Predicting Expressive Speaking Style From Text In End-To-End Speech Synthesiscited by 31
  11. 2018Expressive Speech Synthesis via Modeling Expressions with Variational Autoencodercited by 22
  12. 2019Dynamic Prosody Generation for Speech Synthesis using Linguistics-Driven Acoustic Embedding Selectioncited by 11
3 more
  1. 2020Unsupervised Style and Content Separation by Minimizing Mutual Information for Speech Synthesiscited by 11
  2. 2020Prosodic Representation Learning and Contextual Sampling for Neural Text-to-Speechcited by 10
  3. 2019Maximizing Mutual Information for Tacotroncited by 5

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