mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

WEDGE: Web-Image Assisted Domain Generalization for Semantic Segmentation

arXiv 2109.14196 ↗First posted 29 Sep 2021cs.CV cs.AIcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

Domain generalization for semantic segmentation is highly demanded in real applications, where a trained model is expected to work well in previously unseen domains. One challenge lies in the lack of data which could cover the diverse distributions of the possible unseen domains for training. In this paper, we propose a WEb-image assisted Domain GEneralization (WEDGE) scheme, which is the first to exploit the diversity of web-crawled images for generalizable semantic segmentation. To explore and exploit the real-world data distributions, we collect web-crawled images which present large diversity in terms of weather conditions, sites, lighting, camera styles, etc. We also present a method which injects styles of the web-crawled images into training images on-the-fly during training, which enables the network to experience images of diverse styles with reliable labels for effective training. Moreover, we use the web-crawled images with their predicted pseudo labels for training to further enhance the capability of the network. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method clearly outperforms existing domain generalization techniques.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 41 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Sep 2021.

Builds on

41 of 56 references.

References · 41

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29 more
  1. 2013Domain Generalization via Invariant Feature Representationcited by 622
  2. 2018Learning to Adapt Structured Output Space for Semantic Segmentationcited by 584
  3. 2021Domain Generalization with MixStylecited by 563
  4. 2019Confidence Regularized Self-Trainingcited by 418
  5. 2018Two at Once: Enhancing Learning and Generalization Capacities via IBN-Netcited by 361
  6. 2019Bidirectional Learning for Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentationcited by 308
  7. 2018Taking A Closer Look at Domain Shift: Category-level Adversaries for Semantics Consistent Domain Adaptationcited by 295
  8. 2019Domain Randomization and Pyramid Consistency: Simulation-to-Real Generalization without Accessing Target Domain Datacited by 245
  9. 2016FCNs in the Wild: Pixel-level Adversarial and Constraint-based Adaptationcited by 242
  10. 2020Swapping Autoencoder for Deep Image Manipulationcited by 215
  11. 2021RobustNet: Improving Domain Generalization in Urban-Scene Segmentation via Instance Selective Whiteningcited by 213
  12. 2020Unsupervised Intra-domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation through Self-Supervisioncited by 198
  13. 2018Arbitrary Style Transfer with Style-Attentional Networkscited by 197
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  17. 2020Learning Texture Invariant Representation for Domain Adaptation of Semantic Segmentationcited by 153
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 5; 2023: 10; 2024: 2; 2025: 7; 2026: 1.

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  1. 2023Stronger, Fewer, & Superior: Harnessing Vision Foundation Models for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 82
  2. 2022PASTA: Proportional Amplitude Spectrum Training Augmentation for Syn-to-Real Domain Generalizationcited by 38
  3. 2023Prompting Diffusion Representations for Cross-Domain Semantic Segmentationcited by 30
  4. 2023Generalization by Adaptation: Diffusion-Based Domain Extension for Domain-Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 27
  5. 2022Cross-Domain Ensemble Distillation for Domain Generalizationcited by 21
  6. 2023Strong but simple: A Baseline for Domain Generalized Dense Perception by CLIP-based Transfer Learningcited by 20
  7. 2022Intra-Source Style Augmentation for Improved Domain Generalizationcited by 17
  8. 2023MRFP: Learning Generalizable Semantic Segmentation from Sim-2-Real with Multi-Resolution Feature Perturbationcited by 11
  9. 2023Augmentation-based Domain Generalization for Semantic Segmentationcited by 10
  10. 2023Similarity Min-Max: Zero-Shot Day-Night Domain Adaptationcited by 10
  11. 2023Intra- & Extra-Source Exemplar-Based Style Synthesis for Improved Domain Generalizationcited by 7
  12. 2023IBAFormer: Intra-batch Attention Transformer for Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentationcited by 6
13 more
  1. 2025FedEMA: Federated Exponential Moving Averaging with Negative Entropy Regularizer in Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  2. 2024Learning to Detour: Shortcut Mitigating Augmentation for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentationcited by 4
  3. 2025Enhancing Large Vision Model in Street Scene Semantic Understanding through Leveraging Posterior Optimization Trajectorycited by 4
  4. 2022False Negative Reduction in Semantic Segmentation under Domain Shift using Depth Estimationcited by 3
  5. 2022One-Shot Domain Adaptive and Generalizable Semantic Segmentation with Class-Aware Cross-Domain Transformerscited by 3
  6. 2025Let Synthetic Data Shine: Domain Reassembly and Soft-Fusion for Single Domain Generalizationcited by 2
  7. 2023Learning to Augment: Hallucinating Data for Domain Generalized Segmentationcited by 0
  8. 2024A Study on Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation in the Era of Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
  9. 2025Memory-Modular Classification: Learning to Generalize with Memory Replacementcited by 0
  10. 2025Domain Generalization for Semantic Segmentation: A Surveycited by 0
  11. 2025FedDSR: Federated Deep Supervision and Regularization Towards Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
  12. 2025Test-Time Modification: Inverse Domain Transformation for Robust Perceptioncited by 0
  13. 2026Evaluation of Randomization through Style Transfer for Enhanced Domain Generalizationcited by 0