mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multimodal Integration of Human-Like Attention in Visual Question Answering

arXiv 2109.13139 ↗First posted 27 Sep 2021cs.CV cs.CLcited by 20

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Abstract (arXiv)

Human-like attention as a supervisory signal to guide neural attention has shown significant promise but is currently limited to uni-modal integration - even for inherently multimodal tasks such as visual question answering (VQA). We present the Multimodal Human-like Attention Network (MULAN) - the first method for multimodal integration of human-like attention on image and text during training of VQA models. MULAN integrates attention predictions from two state-of-the-art text and image saliency models into neural self-attention layers of a recent transformer-based VQA model. Through evaluations on the challenging VQAv2 dataset, we show that MULAN achieves a new state-of-the-art performance of 73.98% accuracy on test-std and 73.72% on test-dev and, at the same time, has approximately 80% fewer trainable parameters than prior work. Overall, our work underlines the potential of integrating multimodal human-like and neural attention for VQA

Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2021.

Builds on

38 of 56 references.

References · 38

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26 more
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  2. 2017Don't Just Assume; Look and Answer: Overcoming Priors for Visual Question Answeringcited by 337
  3. 2016Hierarchical Question-Image Co-Attention for Visual Question Answeringcited by 278
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.

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  1. 2023Eyettention: An Attention-based Dual-Sequence Model for Predicting Human Scanpaths during Readingcited by 18
  2. 2025Where do Large Vision-Language Models Look at when Answering Questions?cited by 15
  3. 2024Trends, Applications, and Challenges in Human Attention Modellingcited by 9
  4. 2025GazeLLM: Multimodal LLMs incorporating Human Visual Attentioncited by 9
  5. 2025GazeVLM: A Vision-Language Model for Multi-Task Gaze Understandingcited by 9
  6. 2023Pre-Trained Language Models Augmented with Synthetic Scanpaths for Natural Language Understandingcited by 8
  7. 2022Detection of ADHD based on Eye Movements during Natural Viewingcited by 5
  8. 2024MoPE: Mixture of Prompt Experts for Parameter-Efficient and Scalable Multimodal Fusioncited by 5
  9. 2024Learning User Embeddings from Human Gaze for Personalised Saliency Predictioncited by 4
  10. 2025Integrating Cognitive Processing Signals into Language Models: A Review of Advances, Applications and Future Directionscited by 2
  11. 2025Bridging Ears and Eyes: Analyzing Audio and Visual Large Language Models to Humans in Visible Sound Recognition and Reducing Their Sensory Gap via Cross-Modal Distillationcited by 2
  12. 2025Light as Deception: GPT-driven Natural Relighting Against Vision-Language Pre-training Modelscited by 1
8 more
  1. 2025SCRA-VQA: Summarized Caption-Rerank for Augmented Large Language Models in Visual Question Answeringcited by 1
  2. 2022That's the Wrong Lung! Evaluating and Improving the Interpretability of Unsupervised Multimodal Encoders for Medical Datacited by 0
  3. 2023Deep Metric Loss for Multimodal Learningcited by 0
  4. 2025Causal Debiasing for Visual Commonsense Reasoningcited by 0
  5. 2026Eye-Tracking-while-Reading: A Living Survey of Datasets with Open Library Supportcited by 0
  6. 2026AI-Assisted Competency Assessment from Egocentric Video in Simulation-Based Nursing Educationcited by 0
  7. 2026Eyettention II: A Dual-Sequence Architecture for Modeling Fixation Location, Within-Word Landing Position, and Fixation Duration in Readingcited by 0
  8. 2026EgoGazeLite: On-Device Egocentric Gaze Prediction for Token-Efficient Multimodal LLM Video Inputcited by 0