mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

BiTr-Unet: a CNN-Transformer Combined Network for MRI Brain Tumor Segmentation

arXiv 2109.12271 ↗First posted 25 Sep 2021eess.IV cs.AI cs.CVcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable success in automatically segmenting organs or lesions on 3D medical images. Recently, vision transformer networks have exhibited exceptional performance in 2D image classification tasks. Compared with CNNs, transformer networks have an appealing advantage of extracting long-range features due to their self-attention algorithm. Therefore, we propose a CNN-Transformer combined model, called BiTr-Unet, with specific modifications for brain tumor segmentation on multi-modal MRI scans. Our BiTr-Unet achieves good performance on the BraTS2021 validation dataset with median Dice score 0.9335, 0.9304 and 0.8899, and median Hausdorff distance 2.8284, 2.2361 and 1.4142 for the whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor, respectively. On the BraTS2021 testing dataset, the corresponding results are 0.9257, 0.9350 and 0.8874 for Dice score, and 3, 2.2361 and 1.4142 for Hausdorff distance. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/JustaTinyDot/BiTr-Unet.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2021.

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17 of 27 references.

References · 17

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  4. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  5. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  6. 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,560
  7. 2018CBAM: Convolutional Block Attention Modulecited by 2,463
  8. 2021UNETR: Transformers for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 954
  9. 2021CvT: Introducing Convolutions to Vision Transformerscited by 946
  10. 2021CrossViT: Cross-Attention Multi-Scale Vision Transformer for Image Classificationcited by 806
  11. 2021The RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI BraTS 2021 Benchmark on Brain Tumor Segmentation and Radiogenomic Classificationcited by 507
  12. 2018nnU-Net: Self-adapting Framework for U-Net-Based Medical Image Segmentationcited by 291
5 more
  1. 2021TransBTS: Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Transformercited by 265
  2. 2021CoTr: Efficiently Bridging CNN and Transformer for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 227
  3. 2021CAT: Cross Attention in Vision Transformercited by 92
  4. 2020Brain tumor segmentation with self-ensembled, deeply-supervised 3D U-net neural networks: a BraTS 2020 challenge solutioncited by 20
  5. 2020A Two-Stage Cascade Model with Variational Autoencoders and Attention Gates for MRI Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 9

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 7; 2023: 5; 2024: 2; 2025: 5.

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  1. 2022Transformers in Medical Imaging: A Surveycited by 245
  2. 2022Transforming medical imaging with Transformers? A comparative review of key properties, current progresses, and future perspectivescited by 32
  3. 2023A Recent Survey of Vision Transformers for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 22
  4. 2025Primus: Enforcing Attention Usage for 3D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 22
  5. 20223D Vision with Transformers: A Surveycited by 21
  6. 2023Transformers in Healthcare: A Surveycited by 17
  7. 2022A survey on attention mechanisms for medical applications: are we moving towards better algorithms?cited by 15
  8. 2022Recent Progress in Transformer-based Medical Image Analysiscited by 9
  9. 2023Attention Mechanisms in Medical Image Segmentation: A Surveycited by 9
  10. 2023Neural Gas Network Image Features and Segmentation for Brain Tumor Detection Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Datacited by 3
  11. 2025DRBD-Mamba for Robust and Efficient Brain Tumor Segmentation with Analytical Insightscited by 3
  12. 2022Characterizing Renal Structures with 3D Block Aggregate Transformerscited by 2
7 more
  1. 2025A weakly-supervised deep learning model for fast localisation and delineation of the skeleton, internal organs, and spinal canal on Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted MRI (WB-DWI)cited by 2
  2. 2025CCSD: Cross-Modal Compositional Self-Distillation for Robust Brain Tumor Segmentation with Missing Modalitiescited by 1
  3. 2022Surface Vision Transformers: Flexible Attention-Based Modelling of Biomedical Surfacescited by 0
  4. 2023Tumor-Centered Patching for Enhanced Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  5. 2024SEDNet: Shallow Encoder-Decoder Network for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 0
  6. 2024MAPUNetR: A Hybrid Vision Transformer and U-Net Architecture for Efficient and Interpretable Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
  7. 2025Selective Complementary Feature Fusion and Modal Feature Compression Interaction for Brain Tumor Segmentationcited by 0