mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

The Case for Claim Difficulty Assessment in Automatic Fact Checking

arXiv 2109.09689 ↗First posted 20 Sep 2021cs.CL cs.AI cs.IRcited by 5

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Abstract (arXiv)

Fact-checking is the process of evaluating the veracity of claims (i.e., purported facts). In this opinion piece, we raise an issue that has received little attention in prior work -- that some claims are far more difficult to fact-check than others. We discuss the implications this has for both practical fact-checking and research on automated fact-checking, including task formulation and dataset design. We report a manual analysis undertaken to explore factors underlying varying claim difficulty and identify several distinct types of difficulty. We motivate this new claim difficulty prediction task as beneficial to both automated fact-checking and practical fact-checking organizations.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2021.

Builds on

20 of 37 references.

References · 20

  1. 2017On Calibration of Modern Neural Networkscited by 4,860
  2. 2018FEVER: a large-scale dataset for Fact Extraction and VERificationcited by 1,362
  3. 2021Did Aristotle Use a Laptop? A Question Answering Benchmark with Implicit Reasoning Strategiescited by 736
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  6. 2017"Liar, Liar Pants on Fire": A New Benchmark Dataset for Fake News Detectioncited by 361
  7. 2020HoVer: A Dataset for Many-Hop Fact Extraction And Claim Verificationcited by 199
  8. 2019MultiFC: A Real-World Multi-Domain Dataset for Evidence-Based Fact Checking of Claimscited by 169
  9. 2020Generating Fact Checking Explanationscited by 132
  10. 2021Decontextualization: Making Sentences Stand-Alonecited by 101
  11. 2018DeClarE: Debunking Fake News and False Claims using Evidence-Aware Deep Learningcited by 100
  12. 2021COVID-Fact: Fact Extraction and Verification of Real-World Claims on COVID-19 Pandemiccited by 100
8 more
  1. 2021X-FACT: A New Benchmark Dataset for Multilingual Fact Checkingcited by 90
  2. 2019A Richly Annotated Corpus for Different Tasks in Automated Fact-Checkingcited by 74
  3. 2018Integrating Stance Detection and Fact Checking in a Unified Corpuscited by 41
  4. 2018Confidence Modeling for Neural Semantic Parsingcited by 33
  5. 2020A Review of Winograd Schema Challenge Datasets and Approachescited by 27
  6. 2020CheckThat! at CLEF 2020: Enabling the Automatic Identification and Verification of Claims in Social Mediacited by 25
  7. 2020Joint Verification and Reranking for Open Fact Checking Over Tablescited by 16
  8. 2019Long-length Legal Document Classificationcited by 10

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 1.

5 papers.