The futility of STILTs for the classification of lexical borrowings in Spanish
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Abstract (arXiv)
The first edition of the IberLEF 2021 shared task on automatic detection of borrowings (ADoBo) focused on detecting lexical borrowings that appeared in the Spanish press and that have recently been imported into the Spanish language. In this work, we tested supplementary training on intermediate labeled-data tasks (STILTs) from part of speech (POS), named entity recognition (NER), code-switching, and language identification approaches to the classification of borrowings at the token level using existing pre-trained transformer-based language models. Our extensive experimental results suggest that STILTs do not provide any improvement over direct fine-tuning of multilingual models. However, multilingual models trained on small subsets of languages perform reasonably better than multilingual BERT but not as good as multilingual RoBERTa for the given dataset.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2021.
Builds on
9 of 28 references.
References · 9
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 0; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
6 papers.
- 2022Detecting Unassimilated Borrowings in Spanish: An Annotated Corpus and Approaches to Modelingcited by 6
- 2021Overview of ADoBo 2021: Automatic Detection of Unassimilated Borrowings in the Spanish Presscited by 4
- 2025Overview of ADoBo at IberLEF 2025: Automatic Detection of Anglicisms in Spanishcited by 4
- 2026LuxBorrow: From Pompier to Pompjee, Tracing Borrowing in Luxembourgishcited by 1
- 2026Observatorio Lazaro: A self-populating database of anglicism usage in the Spanish presscited by 1
- 2026pylazaro: a Python package for anglicism extraction in Spanishcited by 0
- 2026pylazaro: a Python package for anglicism extraction in Spanish24 Sep 2026
- 2026Observatorio Lazaro: A self-populating database of anglicism usage in the Spanish press1 Aug 2026
- 2026LuxBorrow: From Pompier to Pompjee, Tracing Borrowing in Luxembourgish11 Mar 2026
- 2025Overview of ADoBo at IberLEF 2025: Automatic Detection of Anglicisms in Spanish29 Jul 2025
- 2022Detecting Unassimilated Borrowings in Spanish: An Annotated Corpus and Approaches to Modeling30 Mar 2022
- 2021Overview of ADoBo 2021: Automatic Detection of Unassimilated Borrowings in the Spanish Press29 Oct 2021