mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Improving Gradient-based Adversarial Training for Text Classification by Contrastive Learning and Auto-Encoder

arXiv 2109.06536 ↗First posted 14 Sep 2021cs.CLcited by 4

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent work has proposed several efficient approaches for generating gradient-based adversarial perturbations on embeddings and proved that the model's performance and robustness can be improved when they are trained with these contaminated embeddings. While they paid little attention to how to help the model to learn these adversarial samples more efficiently. In this work, we focus on enhancing the model's ability to defend gradient-based adversarial attack during the model's training process and propose two novel adversarial training approaches: (1) CARL narrows the original sample and its adversarial sample in the representation space while enlarging their distance from different labeled samples. (2) RAR forces the model to reconstruct the original sample from its adversarial representation. Experiments show that the proposed two approaches outperform strong baselines on various text classification datasets. Analysis experiments find that when using our approaches, the semantic representation of the input sentence won't be significantly affected by adversarial perturbations, and the model's performance drops less under adversarial attack. That is to say, our approaches can effectively improve the robustness of the model. Besides, RAR can also be used to generate text-form adversarial samples.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Sep 2021.

Builds on

14 of 26 references.

References · 14

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,415
  3. 2018GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understandingcited by 4,899
  4. 2018Unsupervised Feature Learning via Non-Parametric Instance-level Discriminationcited by 1,845
  5. 2019Contrastive Multiview Codingcited by 1,301
  6. 2018Learning deep representations by mutual information estimation and maximizationcited by 1,273
  7. 2014Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classificationcited by 1,127
  8. 2019Adversarial Training for Free!cited by 643
  9. 2019How to Fine-Tune BERT for Text Classification?cited by 411
  10. 2017Adversarial Examples: Attacks and Defenses for Deep Learningcited by 351
  11. 2017Adversarial Attacks on Neural Network Policiescited by 320
  12. 2016Adversarial Training Methods for Semi-Supervised Text Classificationcited by 280
2 more
  1. 2019FreeLB: Enhanced Adversarial Training for Natural Language Understandingcited by 264
  2. 2019You Only Propagate Once: Accelerating Adversarial Training via Maximal Principlecited by 183

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 1.

4 papers.