ConvMLP: Hierarchical Convolutional MLPs for Vision
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Abstract (arXiv)
MLP-based architectures, which consist of a sequence of consecutive multi-layer perceptron blocks, have recently been found to reach comparable results to convolutional and transformer-based methods. However, most adopt spatial MLPs which take fixed dimension inputs, therefore making it difficult to apply them to downstream tasks, such as object detection and semantic segmentation. Moreover, single-stage designs further limit performance in other computer vision tasks and fully connected layers bear heavy computation. To tackle these problems, we propose ConvMLP: a hierarchical Convolutional MLP for visual recognition, which is a light-weight, stage-wise, co-design of convolution layers, and MLPs. In particular, ConvMLP-S achieves 76.8% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1k with 9M parameters and 2.4G MACs (15% and 19% of MLP-Mixer-B/16, respectively). Experiments on object detection and semantic segmentation further show that visual representation learned by ConvMLP can be seamlessly transferred and achieve competitive results with fewer parameters. Our code and pre-trained models are publicly available at https://github.com/SHI-Labs/Convolutional-MLPs.
Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2021.
Builds on
35 of 50 references.
References · 35
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
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23 more
- 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
- 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,560
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- 2021Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutionscited by 1,960
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- 2019Panoptic Feature Pyramid Networkscited by 644
- 2021Pay Attention to MLPscited by 367
- 2021ResMLP: Feedforward networks for image classification with data-efficient trainingcited by 338
- 2021Escaping the Big Data Paradigm with Compact Transformerscited by 261
- 2021CycleMLP: A MLP-like Architecture for Dense Predictioncited by 126
- 2021Shuffle Transformer: Rethinking Spatial Shuffle for Vision Transformercited by 115
- 2021Vision Permutator: A Permutable MLP-Like Architecture for Visual Recognitioncited by 103
- 2021AS-MLP: An Axial Shifted MLP Architecture for Visioncited by 101
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- 2021Hire-MLP: Vision MLP via Hierarchical Rearrangementcited by 66
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 9; 2023: 8; 2024: 7; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
37 papers.
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- 2022CMX: Cross-Modal Fusion for RGB-X Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 229
- 2021PointMixer: MLP-Mixer for Point Cloud Understandingcited by 71
- 2021Are we ready for a new paradigm shift? A Survey on Visual Deep MLPcited by 63
- 2022DynaMixer: A Vision MLP Architecture with Dynamic Mixingcited by 28
- 2023DiffI2I: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image-to-Image Translationcited by 24
- 2021UniNet: Unified Architecture Search with Convolution, Transformer, and MLPcited by 23
- 2023SeaFormer++: Squeeze-enhanced Axial Transformer for Mobile Visual Recognitioncited by 18
- 2024Efficient Modulation for Vision Networkscited by 16
- 2025Two-stream Beats One-stream: Asymmetric Siamese Network for Efficient Visual Trackingcited by 15
- 2022LKD-Net: Large Kernel Convolution Network for Single Image Dehazingcited by 13
- 2022Interpretable part-whole hierarchies and conceptual-semantic relationships in neural networkscited by 11
- 2023U-MixFormer: UNet-like Transformer with Mix-Attention for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 8
25 more
- 2024MERaLiON-AudioLLM: Bridging Audio and Language with Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2022Mixing and Shifting: Exploiting Global and Local Dependencies in Vision MLPscited by 6
- 2023Full-resolution MLPs Empower Medical Dense Predictioncited by 6
- 2021SWAT: Spatial Structure Within and Among Tokenscited by 4
- 2022PI-Trans: Parallel-ConvMLP and Implicit-Transformation Based GAN for Cross-View Image Translationcited by 4
- 2023Caterpillar: A Pure-MLP Architecture with Shifted-Pillars-Concatenationcited by 4
- 2024Efficient Image Deblurring Networks based on Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2024MacFormer: Semantic Segmentation with Fine Object Boundariescited by 3
- 2024Fuse Before Transfer: Knowledge Fusion for Heterogeneous Distillationcited by 3
- 2022MDMLP: Image Classification from Scratch on Small Datasets with MLPcited by 2
- 2023AOP-Net: All-in-One Perception Network for Joint LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection and Panoptic Segmentationcited by 2
- 2024SCASeg: Strip Cross-Attention for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025Image Recognition with Online Lightweight Vision Transformer: A Surveycited by 2
- 2023Computationally Efficient 3D MRI Reconstruction with Adaptive MLPcited by 1
- 2024SpiralMLP: A Lightweight Vision MLP Architecturecited by 1
- 2025ContextFormer: Redefining Efficiency in Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025LeMoRe: Learn More Details for Lightweight Semantic Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026Lost in the Hype: Revealing and Dissecting the Performance Degradation of Medical Multimodal Large Language Models in Image Classificationcited by 1
- 2026LALE: Lightweight-Transformer Architecture for Land-Cover Estimationcited by 1
- 2022UniNet: Unified Architecture Search with Convolution, Transformer, and MLPcited by 0
- 2022SplitMixer: Fat Trimmed From MLP-like Modelscited by 0
- 2023Dynamic Spectrum Mixer for Visual Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Human-inspired Global-to-Parallel Multi-scale Encoding for Lightweight Vision Modelscited by 0
- 2026SFKD: Spatial--Frequency Joint-Aware Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation via Multi-Level Wavelet Spectral Interactioncited by 0
- 2026When Simplicity Wins: Bottleneck-Aware Context Modeling for Lightweight Semantic Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026When Simplicity Wins: Bottleneck-Aware Context Modeling for Lightweight Semantic Segmentation19 Aug 2026
- 2026SFKD: Spatial--Frequency Joint-Aware Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation via Multi-Level Wavelet Spectral Interaction2 Jul 2026
- 2026LALE: Lightweight-Transformer Architecture for Land-Cover Estimation1 Jun 2026
- 2026Lost in the Hype: Revealing and Dissecting the Performance Degradation of Medical Multimodal Large Language Models in Image Classification9 Apr 2026
- 2026Human-inspired Global-to-Parallel Multi-scale Encoding for Lightweight Vision Models13 Jan 2026
- 2025LeMoRe: Learn More Details for Lightweight Semantic Segmentation29 May 2025
- 2025Image Recognition with Online Lightweight Vision Transformer: A Survey6 May 2025
- 2025Two-stream Beats One-stream: Asymmetric Siamese Network for Efficient Visual Tracking1 Mar 2025
- 2025ContextFormer: Redefining Efficiency in Semantic Segmentation31 Jan 2025
- 2024MERaLiON-AudioLLM: Bridging Audio and Language with Large Language Models13 Dec 2024
- 2024SCASeg: Strip Cross-Attention for Efficient Semantic Segmentation26 Nov 2024
- 2024Fuse Before Transfer: Knowledge Fusion for Heterogeneous Distillation16 Oct 2024
25 more
- 2024MacFormer: Semantic Segmentation with Fine Object Boundaries11 Aug 2024
- 2024SpiralMLP: A Lightweight Vision MLP Architecture31 Mar 2024
- 2024Efficient Modulation for Vision Networks29 Mar 2024
- 2024Efficient Image Deblurring Networks based on Diffusion Models11 Jan 2024
- 2023U-MixFormer: UNet-like Transformer with Mix-Attention for Efficient Semantic Segmentation11 Dec 2023
- 2023Full-resolution MLPs Empower Medical Dense Prediction28 Nov 2023
- 2023Dynamic Spectrum Mixer for Visual Recognition13 Sep 2023
- 2023DiffI2I: Efficient Diffusion Model for Image-to-Image Translation26 Aug 2023
- 2023Caterpillar: A Pure-MLP Architecture with Shifted-Pillars-Concatenation28 May 2023
- 2023AOP-Net: All-in-One Perception Network for Joint LiDAR-based 3D Object Detection and Panoptic Segmentation2 Feb 2023
- 2023SeaFormer++: Squeeze-enhanced Axial Transformer for Mobile Visual Recognition30 Jan 2023
- 2023Computationally Efficient 3D MRI Reconstruction with Adaptive MLP21 Jan 2023
- 2022LKD-Net: Large Kernel Convolution Network for Single Image Dehazing5 Sep 2022
- 2022SplitMixer: Fat Trimmed From MLP-like Models21 Jul 2022
- 2022UniNet: Unified Architecture Search with Convolution, Transformer, and MLP12 Jul 2022
- 2022PI-Trans: Parallel-ConvMLP and Implicit-Transformation Based GAN for Cross-View Image Translation9 Jul 2022
- 2022MDMLP: Image Classification from Scratch on Small Datasets with MLP28 May 2022
- 2022CMX: Cross-Modal Fusion for RGB-X Semantic Segmentation with Transformers9 Mar 2022
- 2022Interpretable part-whole hierarchies and conceptual-semantic relationships in neural networks7 Mar 2022
- 2022Mixing and Shifting: Exploiting Global and Local Dependencies in Vision MLPs14 Feb 2022
- 2022DynaMixer: A Vision MLP Architecture with Dynamic Mixing28 Jan 2022
- 2021SWAT: Spatial Structure Within and Among Tokens26 Nov 2021
- 2021PointMixer: MLP-Mixer for Point Cloud Understanding22 Nov 2021
- 2021Are we ready for a new paradigm shift? A Survey on Visual Deep MLP7 Nov 2021
- 2021UniNet: Unified Architecture Search with Convolution, Transformer, and MLP8 Oct 2021
- 2022CMX: Cross-Modal Fusion for RGB-X Semantic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 229
- 2021PointMixer: MLP-Mixer for Point Cloud Understandingcited by 71
- 2021Are we ready for a new paradigm shift? A Survey on Visual Deep MLPcited by 63
- 2022DynaMixer: A Vision MLP Architecture with Dynamic Mixingcited by 28
- 2021UniNet: Unified Architecture Search with Convolution, Transformer, and MLPcited by 23
- 2023SeaFormer++: Squeeze-enhanced Axial Transformer for Mobile Visual Recognitioncited by 18
- 2024Efficient Modulation for Vision Networkscited by 16
- 2025Two-stream Beats One-stream: Asymmetric Siamese Network for Efficient Visual Trackingcited by 15
- 2022LKD-Net: Large Kernel Convolution Network for Single Image Dehazingcited by 13
- 2022Interpretable part-whole hierarchies and conceptual-semantic relationships in neural networkscited by 11
- 2023U-MixFormer: UNet-like Transformer with Mix-Attention for Efficient Semantic Segmentationcited by 8
- 2022Mixing and Shifting: Exploiting Global and Local Dependencies in Vision MLPscited by 6
12 most cited of 33 All 33 (JSON)
- 2026When Simplicity Wins: Bottleneck-Aware Context Modeling for Lightweight Semantic Segmentation19 Aug 2026
- 2026SFKD: Spatial--Frequency Joint-Aware Heterogeneous Knowledge Distillation via Multi-Level Wavelet Spectral Interaction2 Jul 2026
- 2026LALE: Lightweight-Transformer Architecture for Land-Cover Estimation1 Jun 2026
- 2026Human-inspired Global-to-Parallel Multi-scale Encoding for Lightweight Vision Models13 Jan 2026
- 2025LeMoRe: Learn More Details for Lightweight Semantic Segmentation29 May 2025
- 2025Image Recognition with Online Lightweight Vision Transformer: A Survey6 May 2025
- 2025Two-stream Beats One-stream: Asymmetric Siamese Network for Efficient Visual Tracking1 Mar 2025
- 2025ContextFormer: Redefining Efficiency in Semantic Segmentation31 Jan 2025
- 2024SCASeg: Strip Cross-Attention for Efficient Semantic Segmentation26 Nov 2024
- 2024Fuse Before Transfer: Knowledge Fusion for Heterogeneous Distillation16 Oct 2024
- 2024MacFormer: Semantic Segmentation with Fine Object Boundaries11 Aug 2024
- 2024SpiralMLP: A Lightweight Vision MLP Architecture31 Mar 2024
12 newest of 33 All 33 (JSON)