mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Binary Code based Hash Embedding for Web-scale Applications

arXiv 2109.02471 ↗First posted 24 Aug 2021cs.IR cs.AIcited by 11

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Abstract (arXiv)

Nowadays, deep learning models are widely adopted in web-scale applications such as recommender systems, and online advertising. In these applications, embedding learning of categorical features is crucial to the success of deep learning models. In these models, a standard method is that each categorical feature value is assigned a unique embedding vector which can be learned and optimized. Although this method can well capture the characteristics of the categorical features and promise good performance, it can incur a huge memory cost to store the embedding table, especially for those web-scale applications. Such a huge memory cost significantly holds back the effectiveness and usability of EDRMs. In this paper, we propose a binary code based hash embedding method which allows the size of the embedding table to be reduced in arbitrary scale without compromising too much performance. Experimental evaluation results show that one can still achieve 99% performance even if the embedding table size is reduced 1000× smaller than the original one with our proposed method.

Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2021.

Builds on

21 of 30 references.

References · 21

  1. 2016Wide & Deep Learning for Recommender Systemscited by 745
  2. 2017DeepFM: A Factorization-Machine based Neural Network for CTR Predictioncited by 673
  3. 2017Deep Interest Network for Click-Through Rate Predictioncited by 541
  4. 2017Deep & Cross Network for Ad Click Predictionscited by 392
  5. 2018AutoInt: Automatic Feature Interaction Learning via Self-Attentive Neural Networkscited by 319
  6. 2019Compositional Embeddings Using Complementary Partitions for Memory-Efficient Recommendation Systemscited by 68
  7. 2017Hash Embeddings for Efficient Word Representationscited by 54
  8. 2020AutoEmb: Automated Embedding Dimensionality Search in Streaming Recommendationscited by 47
  9. 2021Learnable Embedding Sizes for Recommender Systemscited by 42
  10. 2019Mixed Dimension Embeddings with Application to Memory-Efficient Recommendation Systemscited by 41
  11. 2019Neural Input Search for Large Scale Recommendation Modelscited by 39
  12. 2017Compressing Word Embeddings via Deep Compositional Code Learningcited by 34
9 more
  1. 2020Model Size Reduction Using Frequency Based Double Hashing for Recommender Systemscited by 33
  2. 2019Tensorized Embedding Layers for Efficient Model Compressioncited by 27
  3. 2020Learning Multi-granular Quantized Embeddings for Large-Vocab Categorical Features in Recommender Systemscited by 24
  4. 2020Memory-efficient Embedding for Recommendationscited by 15
  5. 2017Getting deep recommenders fit: Bloom embeddings for sparse binary input/output networkscited by 14
  6. 2018Learning K-way D-dimensional Discrete Codes for Compact Embedding Representationscited by 11
  7. 2015Binary Embedding: Fundamental Limits and Fast Algorithmcited by 5
  8. 2020Superbloom: Bloom filter meets Transformercited by 3
  9. 2019Multi-Hot Compact Network Embeddingcited by 1

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Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 3.

11 papers.