mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

From Alignment to Assignment: Frustratingly Simple Unsupervised Entity Alignment

arXiv 2109.02363 ↗First posted 6 Sep 2021cs.CL cs.AIcited by 26

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Abstract (arXiv)

Cross-lingual entity alignment (EA) aims to find the equivalent entities between crosslingual KGs, which is a crucial step for integrating KGs. Recently, many GNN-based EA methods are proposed and show decent performance improvements on several public datasets. Meanwhile, existing GNN-based EA methods inevitably inherit poor interpretability and low efficiency from neural networks. Motivated by the isomorphic assumption of GNNbased methods, we successfully transform the cross-lingual EA problem into the assignment problem. Based on this finding, we propose a frustratingly Simple but Effective Unsupervised entity alignment method (SEU) without neural networks. Extensive experiments show that our proposed unsupervised method even beats advanced supervised methods across all public datasets and has high efficiency, interpretability, and stability.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Sep 2021.

Builds on

19 of 36 references.

References · 19

  1. 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,361
  2. 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,849
  3. 2013Sinkhorn Distances: Lightspeed Computation of Optimal Transportation Distancescited by 2,316
  4. 2018Learning Latent Permutations with Gumbel-Sinkhorn Networkscited by 175
  5. 2017Cross-lingual Entity Alignment via Joint Attribute-Preserving Embeddingcited by 127
  6. 2019Relation-Aware Entity Alignment for Heterogeneous Knowledge Graphscited by 106
  7. 2019Unifying Knowledge Graph Learning and Recommendation: Towards a Better Understanding of User Preferencescited by 87
  8. 2019Multi-Channel Graph Neural Network for Entity Alignmentcited by 86
  9. 2020Deep Graph Matching Consensuscited by 85
  10. 2019Learning to Exploit Long-term Relational Dependencies in Knowledge Graphscited by 83
  11. 2019Multi-Task Feature Learning for Knowledge Graph Enhanced Recommendationcited by 71
  12. 2019Cross-lingual Knowledge Graph Alignment via Graph Matching Neural Networkcited by 68
7 more
  1. 2020Exploring and Evaluating Attributes, Values, and Structures for Entity Alignmentcited by 63
  2. 2019Aligning Cross-Lingual Entities with Multi-Aspect Informationcited by 46
  3. 2019Jointly Learning Entity and Relation Representations for Entity Alignmentcited by 39
  4. 2019Collective Entity Alignment via Adaptive Featurescited by 30
  5. 2020Degree-Aware Alignment for Entities in Tailcited by 17
  6. 2020An Industry Evaluation of Embedding-based Entity Alignmentcited by 15
  7. 2021Complex Factoid Question Answering with a Free-Text Knowledge Graphcited by 14

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 8; 2023: 9; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.

26 papers.

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  1. 2022Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learning for Entity Alignmentcited by 38
  2. 2022MEAformer: Multi-modal Entity Alignment Transformer for Meta Modality Hybridcited by 30
  3. 2022ClusterEA: Scalable Entity Alignment with Stochastic Training and Normalized Mini-batch Similaritiescited by 20
  4. 2023Unsupervised Entity Alignment for Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 19
  5. 2022LightEA: A Scalable, Robust, and Interpretable Entity Alignment Framework via Three-view Label Propagationcited by 18
  6. 2023A Fused Gromov-Wasserstein Framework for Unsupervised Knowledge Graph Entity Alignmentcited by 16
  7. 2023Robust Attributed Graph Alignment via Joint Structure Learning and Optimal Transportcited by 15
  8. 2022A Simple Temporal Information Matching Mechanism for Entity Alignment Between Temporal Knowledge Graphscited by 7
  9. 2023From Alignment to Entailment: A Unified Textual Entailment Framework for Entity Alignmentcited by 6
  10. 2023Generating Explanations to Understand and Repair Embedding-based Entity Alignmentcited by 5
  11. 2024Progressively Modality Freezing for Multi-Modal Entity Alignmentcited by 5
  12. 2022Semi-constraint Optimal Transport for Entity Alignment with Dangling Casescited by 2
14 more
  1. 2022Guiding Neural Entity Alignment with Compatibilitycited by 2
  2. 2023Universal Multi-modal Entity Alignment via Iteratively Fusing Modality Similarity Pathscited by 2
  3. 2024Gradient Flow of Energy: A General and Efficient Approach for Entity Alignment Decodingcited by 2
  4. 2023Unsupervised Deep Cross-Language Entity Alignmentcited by 1
  5. 2024NALA: an Effective and Interpretable Entity Alignment Methodcited by 1
  6. 2022Cybersecurity Entity Alignment via Masked Graph Attention Networkscited by 0
  7. 2023Type-enhanced Ensemble Triple Representation via Triple-aware Attention for Cross-lingual Entity Alignmentcited by 0
  8. 2023OTIEA:Ontology-enhanced Triple Intrinsic-Correlation for Cross-lingual Entity Alignmentcited by 0
  9. 2024Unsupervised Robust Cross-Lingual Entity Alignment via Neighbor Triple Matching with Entity and Relation Textscited by 0
  10. 2024DERA: Dense Entity Retrieval for Entity Alignment in Knowledge Graphscited by 0
  11. 2025Unsupervised Entity Alignment Based on Personalized Discriminative Rooted Treecited by 0
  12. 2025FLORA: Unsupervised Knowledge Graph Alignment by Fuzzy Logiccited by 0
  13. 2026Towards Effective and Efficient Graph Alignment without Supervisioncited by 0
  14. 2026Consensus Measures for Unstructured Biomedical Text Annotationscited by 0