RetroGAN: A Cyclic Post-Specialization System for Improving Out-of-Knowledge and Rare Word Representations
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Abstract (arXiv)
Retrofitting is a technique used to move word vectors closer together or further apart in their space to reflect their relationships in a Knowledge Base (KB). However, retrofitting only works on concepts that are present in that KB. RetroGAN uses a pair of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to learn a one-to-one mapping between concepts and their retrofitted counterparts. It applies that mapping (post-specializes) to handle concepts that do not appear in the original KB in a manner similar to how some natural language systems handle out-of-vocabulary entries. We test our system on three word-similarity benchmarks and a downstream sentence simplification task and achieve the state of the art (CARD-660). Altogether, our results demonstrate our system's effectiveness for out-of-knowledge and rare word generalization.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Aug 2021.
Builds on
17 of 28 references.
References · 17
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5 more
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 1.
3 papers.
- 2022SexWEs: Domain-Aware Word Embeddings via Cross-lingual Semantic Specialisation for Chinese Sexism Detection in Social Mediacited by 2
- 2023Adversarial Transformer Language Models for Contextual Commonsense Inferencecited by 2
- 2025Domain Lexical Knowledge-based Word Embedding Learning for Text Classification under Small Datacited by 0
- 2025Domain Lexical Knowledge-based Word Embedding Learning for Text Classification under Small Data2 Jun 2025
- 2023Adversarial Transformer Language Models for Contextual Commonsense Inference10 Feb 2023
- 2022SexWEs: Domain-Aware Word Embeddings via Cross-lingual Semantic Specialisation for Chinese Sexism Detection in Social Media15 Nov 2022