mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Joint Depth and Normal Estimation from Real-world Time-of-flight Raw Data

arXiv 2108.03649 ↗First posted 8 Aug 2021cs.CV cs.LG cs.ROcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present a novel approach to joint depth and normal estimation for time-of-flight (ToF) sensors. Our model learns to predict the high-quality depth and normal maps jointly from ToF raw sensor data. To achieve this, we meticulously constructed the first large-scale dataset (named ToF-100) with paired raw ToF data and ground-truth high-resolution depth maps provided by an industrial depth camera. In addition, we also design a simple but effective framework for joint depth and normal estimation, applying a robust Chamfer loss via jittering to improve the performance of our model. Our experiments demonstrate that our proposed method can efficiently reconstruct high-resolution depth and normal maps and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. Our code and data will be available at urlhttps://github.com/hkustVisionRr/JointlyDepthNormalEstimation

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Aug 2021.

Builds on

16 of 46 references.

References · 16

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
  3. 2014Predicting Depth, Surface Normals and Semantic Labels with a Common Multi-Scale Convolutional Architecturecited by 483
  4. 2018Learning to See in the Darkcited by 459
  5. 2018Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 455
  6. 2019Pattern-Affinitive Propagation across Depth, Surface Normal and Semantic Segmentationcited by 141
  7. 2019Video Depth Estimation by Fusing Flow-to-Depth Proposalscited by 23
  8. 2018Tackling 3D ToF Artifacts Through Learning and the FLAT Datasetcited by 21
  9. 2019Deep End-to-End Alignment and Refinement for Time-of-Flight RGB-D Modulecited by 14
  10. 2018DeepToF: Off-the-Shelf Real-Time Correction of Multipath Interference in Time-of-Flight Imagingcited by 13
  11. 2016Learning to Remove Multipath Distortions in Time-of-Flight Range Images for a Robotic Arm Setupcited by 11
  12. 2014SRA: Fast Removal of General Multipath for ToF Sensorscited by 10
4 more
  1. 2020Depth Sensing Beyond LiDAR Rangecited by 10
  2. 2018Very Power Efficient Neural Time-of-Flightcited by 8
  3. 2014Resolving Multi-path Interference in Time-of-Flight Imaging via Modulation Frequency Diversity and Sparse Regularizationcited by 6
  4. 2021High-Resolution Depth Maps Based on TOF-Stereo Fusioncited by 5

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.

3 papers.