Underwater Image Restoration via Contrastive Learning and a Real-world Dataset
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Abstract (arXiv)
Underwater image restoration is of significant importance in unveiling the underwater world. Numerous techniques and algorithms have been developed in the past decades. However, due to fundamental difficulties associated with imaging/sensing, lighting, and refractive geometric distortions, in capturing clear underwater images, no comprehensive evaluations have been conducted of underwater image restoration. To address this gap, we have constructed a large-scale real underwater image dataset, dubbed `HICRD' (Heron Island Coral Reef Dataset), for the purpose of benchmarking existing methods and supporting the development of new deep-learning based methods. We employ accurate water parameter (diffuse attenuation coefficient) in generating reference images. There are 2000 reference restored images and 6003 original underwater images in the unpaired training set. Further, we present a novel method for underwater image restoration based on unsupervised image-to-image translation framework. Our proposed method leveraged contrastive learning and generative adversarial networks to maximize the mutual information between raw and restored images. Extensive experiments with comparisons to recent approaches further demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method. Our code and dataset are publicly available at GitHub.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Jun 2021.
Builds on
20 of 64 references.
References · 20
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- 2019Momentum Contrast for Unsupervised Visual Representation Learningcited by 7,482
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- 2020Contrastive Learning for Unpaired Image-to-Image Translationcited by 637
- 2016DehazeNet: An End-to-End System for Single Image Haze Removalcited by 313
- 2019An Underwater Image Enhancement Benchmark Dataset and Beyondcited by 250
- 2019Fast Underwater Image Enhancement for Improved Visual Perceptioncited by 181
8 more
- 2018Enhancing Underwater Imagery using Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 94
- 2018Underwater Single Image Color Restoration Using Haze-Lines and a New Quantitative Datasetcited by 90
- 2019Real-world Underwater Enhancement: Challenges, Benchmarks, and Solutionscited by 89
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- 2017Emerging from Water: Underwater Image Color Correction Based on Weakly Supervised Color Transfercited by 40
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
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- 2023SeaThru-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields in Scattering Mediacited by 75
- 2023Contrastive Semi-supervised Learning for Underwater Image Restoration via Reliable Bankcited by 68
- 2022UCL-Dehaze: Towards Real-world Image Dehazing via Unsupervised Contrastive Learningcited by 35
- 2021Blind Image Decompositioncited by 18
- 2024Osmosis: RGBD Diffusion Prior for Underwater Image Restorationcited by 13
- 2023Improving Underwater Visual Tracking With a Large Scale Dataset and Image Enhancementcited by 11
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Deep Learningcited by 9
- 2024HUPE: Heuristic Underwater Perceptual Enhancement with Semantic Collaborative Learningcited by 6
- 2026Downstream Task Inspired Underwater Image Enhancement: A Perception-Aware Study from Dataset Construction to Network Designcited by 5
- 2023RSFDM-Net: Real-time Spatial and Frequency Domains Modulation Network for Underwater Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2022Virtual Underwater Datasets for Autonomous Inspectionscited by 1
- 2025Unveiling the Underwater World: CLIP Perception Model-Guided Underwater Image Enhancementcited by 1
3 more
- 2025From Restoration to Reconstruction: Rethinking 3D Gaussian Splatting for Underwater Scenescited by 1
- 2023CARNet: Collaborative Adversarial Resilience for Robust Underwater Image Enhancement and Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026DichroGAN: Towards Restoration of in-air Colours of Seafloor from Satellite Imagerycited by 0
- 2026Downstream Task Inspired Underwater Image Enhancement: A Perception-Aware Study from Dataset Construction to Network Design2 Mar 2026
- 2026DichroGAN: Towards Restoration of in-air Colours of Seafloor from Satellite Imagery1 Jan 2026
- 2025From Restoration to Reconstruction: Rethinking 3D Gaussian Splatting for Underwater Scenes22 Sep 2025
- 2025Unveiling the Underwater World: CLIP Perception Model-Guided Underwater Image Enhancement29 Apr 2025
- 2024HUPE: Heuristic Underwater Perceptual Enhancement with Semantic Collaborative Learning27 Nov 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Deep Learning30 May 2024
- 2024Osmosis: RGBD Diffusion Prior for Underwater Image Restoration21 Mar 2024
- 2023CARNet: Collaborative Adversarial Resilience for Robust Underwater Image Enhancement and Perception3 Sep 2023
- 2023Improving Underwater Visual Tracking With a Large Scale Dataset and Image Enhancement30 Aug 2023
- 2023SeaThru-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields in Scattering Media16 Apr 2023
- 2023Contrastive Semi-supervised Learning for Underwater Image Restoration via Reliable Bank16 Mar 2023
- 2023RSFDM-Net: Real-time Spatial and Frequency Domains Modulation Network for Underwater Image Enhancement23 Feb 2023
3 more
- 2022Virtual Underwater Datasets for Autonomous Inspections13 Sep 2022
- 2022UCL-Dehaze: Towards Real-world Image Dehazing via Unsupervised Contrastive Learning4 May 2022
- 2021Blind Image Decomposition25 Aug 2021
- 2023SeaThru-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields in Scattering Mediacited by 75
- 2023Contrastive Semi-supervised Learning for Underwater Image Restoration via Reliable Bankcited by 68
- 2022UCL-Dehaze: Towards Real-world Image Dehazing via Unsupervised Contrastive Learningcited by 35
- 2021Blind Image Decompositioncited by 18
- 2023Improving Underwater Visual Tracking With a Large Scale Dataset and Image Enhancementcited by 11
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Deep Learningcited by 9
- 2024HUPE: Heuristic Underwater Perceptual Enhancement with Semantic Collaborative Learningcited by 6
- 2026Downstream Task Inspired Underwater Image Enhancement: A Perception-Aware Study from Dataset Construction to Network Designcited by 5
- 2023RSFDM-Net: Real-time Spatial and Frequency Domains Modulation Network for Underwater Image Enhancementcited by 3
- 2022Virtual Underwater Datasets for Autonomous Inspectionscited by 1
- 2025Unveiling the Underwater World: CLIP Perception Model-Guided Underwater Image Enhancementcited by 1
- 2025From Restoration to Reconstruction: Rethinking 3D Gaussian Splatting for Underwater Scenescited by 1
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026Downstream Task Inspired Underwater Image Enhancement: A Perception-Aware Study from Dataset Construction to Network Design2 Mar 2026
- 2026DichroGAN: Towards Restoration of in-air Colours of Seafloor from Satellite Imagery1 Jan 2026
- 2025From Restoration to Reconstruction: Rethinking 3D Gaussian Splatting for Underwater Scenes22 Sep 2025
- 2025Unveiling the Underwater World: CLIP Perception Model-Guided Underwater Image Enhancement29 Apr 2025
- 2024HUPE: Heuristic Underwater Perceptual Enhancement with Semantic Collaborative Learning27 Nov 2024
- 2024A Comprehensive Survey on Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Deep Learning30 May 2024
- 2023CARNet: Collaborative Adversarial Resilience for Robust Underwater Image Enhancement and Perception3 Sep 2023
- 2023Improving Underwater Visual Tracking With a Large Scale Dataset and Image Enhancement30 Aug 2023
- 2023SeaThru-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields in Scattering Media16 Apr 2023
- 2023Contrastive Semi-supervised Learning for Underwater Image Restoration via Reliable Bank16 Mar 2023
- 2023RSFDM-Net: Real-time Spatial and Frequency Domains Modulation Network for Underwater Image Enhancement23 Feb 2023
- 2022Virtual Underwater Datasets for Autonomous Inspections13 Sep 2022
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)