Progressive Multi-Granularity Training for Non-Autoregressive Translation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Non-autoregressive translation (NAT) significantly accelerates the inference process via predicting the entire target sequence. However, recent studies show that NAT is weak at learning high-mode of knowledge such as one-to-many translations. We argue that modes can be divided into various granularities which can be learned from easy to hard. In this study, we empirically show that NAT models are prone to learn fine-grained lower-mode knowledge, such as words and phrases, compared with sentences. Based on this observation, we propose progressive multi-granularity training for NAT. More specifically, to make the most of the training data, we break down the sentence-level examples into three types, i.e. words, phrases, sentences, and with the training goes, we progressively increase the granularities. Experiments on Romanian-English, English-German, Chinese-English, and Japanese-English demonstrate that our approach improves the phrase translation accuracy and model reordering ability, therefore resulting in better translation quality against strong NAT baselines. Also, we show that more deterministic fine-grained knowledge can further enhance performance.
Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2021.
Builds on
30 of 43 references.
References · 30
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
- 2015Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Unitscited by 2,918
- 2016Sequence-Level Knowledge Distillationcited by 801
- 2017Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translationcited by 463
- 2019Competence-based Curriculum Learning for Neural Machine Translationcited by 202
- 2019Levenshtein Transformercited by 199
- 2018Deterministic Non-Autoregressive Neural Sequence Modeling by Iterative Refinementcited by 195
- 2019Understanding Knowledge Distillation in Non-autoregressive Machine Translationcited by 122
- 2016Modeling Coverage for Neural Machine Translationcited by 110
18 more
- 2020Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation with Latent Alignmentscited by 96
- 2020Norm-Based Curriculum Learning for Neural Machine Translationcited by 60
- 2019Curriculum Learning for Domain Adaptation in Neural Machine Translationcited by 59
- 2021Order-Agnostic Cross Entropy for Non-Autoregressive Machine Translationcited by 57
- 2020Understanding and Improving Lexical Choice in Non-Autoregressive Translationcited by 56
- 2019Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation with Auxiliary Regularizationcited by 52
- 2020On the Importance of Word and Sentence Representation Learning in Implicit Discourse Relation Classificationcited by 40
- 2019Fine-Tuning by Curriculum Learning for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translationcited by 39
- 2020Incorporating BERT into Parallel Sequence Decoding with Adapterscited by 39
- 2019Guiding Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation Decoding with Reordering Informationcited by 37
- 2021Non-Autoregressive Text Generation with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 36
- 2021Rejuvenating Low-Frequency Words: Making the Most of Parallel Data in Non-Autoregressive Translationcited by 34
- 2020A Study of Non-autoregressive Model for Sequence Generationcited by 31
- 2021Meta-Curriculum Learning for Domain Adaptation in Neural Machine Translationcited by 28
- 2020Self-Attention with Cross-Lingual Position Representationcited by 27
- 2020Context-Aware Cross-Attention for Non-Autoregressive Translationcited by 26
- 2020Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation with Disentangled Context Transformercited by 13
- 2021Self-Guided Curriculum Learning for Neural Machine Translationcited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 7; 2023: 11; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
25 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2023Towards Making the Most of ChatGPT for Machine Translationcited by 138
- 2024Revisiting Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Model Tuningcited by 99
- 2022A Survey on Non-Autoregressive Generation for Neural Machine Translation and Beyondcited by 64
- 2022Improving Sharpness-Aware Minimization with Fisher Mask for Better Generalization on Language Modelscited by 42
- 2023On Efficient Training of Large-Scale Deep Learning Models: A Literature Reviewcited by 26
- 2023Findings of the WMT 2023 Shared Task on Discourse-Level Literary Translation: A Fresh Orb in the Cosmos of LLMscited by 25
- 2023Can Linguistic Knowledge Improve Multimodal Alignment in Vision-Language Pretraining?cited by 21
- 2022Where Does the Performance Improvement Come From? -- A Reproducibility Concern about Image-Text Retrievalcited by 19
- 2022E2S2: Encoding-Enhanced Sequence-to-Sequence Pretraining for Language Understanding and Generationcited by 19
- 2021Improving Neural Machine Translation by Bidirectional Trainingcited by 17
- 2021On the Complementarity between Pre-Training and Back-Translation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 14
- 2024Sentence-Level or Token-Level? A Comprehensive Study on Knowledge Distillationcited by 12
13 more
- 2021The USYD-JD Speech Translation System for IWSLT 2021cited by 11
- 2023Bag of Tricks for Effective Language Model Pretraining and Downstream Adaptation: A Case Study on GLUEcited by 11
- 2023Revisiting Token Dropping Strategy in Efficient BERT Pretrainingcited by 11
- 2022Vega-MT: The JD Explore Academy Translation System for WMT22cited by 9
- 2022Multi-Granularity Optimization for Non-Autoregressive Translationcited by 6
- 2022Improving Neural Machine Translation by Denoising Trainingcited by 4
- 2023Prompt-Learning for Cross-Lingual Relation Extractioncited by 4
- 2023Beyond MLE: Convex Learning for Text Generationcited by 4
- 2025Curriculum Learning for Biological Sequence Prediction: The Case of De Novo Peptide Sequencingcited by 4
- 2023OmniForce: On Human-Centered, Large Model Empowered and Cloud-Edge Collaborative AutoML Systemcited by 2
- 2023Revisiting Non-Autoregressive Translation at Scalecited by 2
- 2023RenewNAT: Renewing Potential Translation for Non-Autoregressive Transformercited by 1
- 2024What Have We Achieved on Non-autoregressive Translation?cited by 1
- 2025Curriculum Learning for Biological Sequence Prediction: The Case of De Novo Peptide Sequencing16 Jun 2025
- 2024Revisiting Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Model Tuning7 Jun 2024
- 2024What Have We Achieved on Non-autoregressive Translation?21 May 2024
- 2024Sentence-Level or Token-Level? A Comprehensive Study on Knowledge Distillation23 Apr 2024
- 2023Findings of the WMT 2023 Shared Task on Discourse-Level Literary Translation: A Fresh Orb in the Cosmos of LLMs6 Nov 2023
- 2023Beyond MLE: Convex Learning for Text Generation26 Oct 2023
- 2023Can Linguistic Knowledge Improve Multimodal Alignment in Vision-Language Pretraining?24 Aug 2023
- 2023Revisiting Non-Autoregressive Translation at Scale25 May 2023
- 2023Revisiting Token Dropping Strategy in Efficient BERT Pretraining24 May 2023
- 2023Prompt-Learning for Cross-Lingual Relation Extraction20 Apr 2023
- 2023On Efficient Training of Large-Scale Deep Learning Models: A Literature Review7 Apr 2023
- 2023Towards Making the Most of ChatGPT for Machine Translation24 Mar 2023
13 more
- 2023RenewNAT: Renewing Potential Translation for Non-Autoregressive Transformer14 Mar 2023
- 2023OmniForce: On Human-Centered, Large Model Empowered and Cloud-Edge Collaborative AutoML System1 Mar 2023
- 2023Bag of Tricks for Effective Language Model Pretraining and Downstream Adaptation: A Case Study on GLUE18 Feb 2023
- 2022Multi-Granularity Optimization for Non-Autoregressive Translation20 Oct 2022
- 2022Improving Sharpness-Aware Minimization with Fisher Mask for Better Generalization on Language Models11 Oct 2022
- 2022Vega-MT: The JD Explore Academy Translation System for WMT2220 Sep 2022
- 2022E2S2: Encoding-Enhanced Sequence-to-Sequence Pretraining for Language Understanding and Generation30 May 2022
- 2022A Survey on Non-Autoregressive Generation for Neural Machine Translation and Beyond20 Apr 2022
- 2022Where Does the Performance Improvement Come From? -- A Reproducibility Concern about Image-Text Retrieval8 Mar 2022
- 2022Improving Neural Machine Translation by Denoising Training19 Jan 2022
- 2021On the Complementarity between Pre-Training and Back-Translation for Neural Machine Translation5 Oct 2021
- 2021Improving Neural Machine Translation by Bidirectional Training16 Sep 2021
- 2021The USYD-JD Speech Translation System for IWSLT 202124 Jul 2021
- 2023Towards Making the Most of ChatGPT for Machine Translationcited by 138
- 2024Revisiting Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Model Tuningcited by 99
- 2022A Survey on Non-Autoregressive Generation for Neural Machine Translation and Beyondcited by 64
- 2022Improving Sharpness-Aware Minimization with Fisher Mask for Better Generalization on Language Modelscited by 42
- 2023On Efficient Training of Large-Scale Deep Learning Models: A Literature Reviewcited by 26
- 2023Findings of the WMT 2023 Shared Task on Discourse-Level Literary Translation: A Fresh Orb in the Cosmos of LLMscited by 25
- 2022Where Does the Performance Improvement Come From? -- A Reproducibility Concern about Image-Text Retrievalcited by 19
- 2022E2S2: Encoding-Enhanced Sequence-to-Sequence Pretraining for Language Understanding and Generationcited by 19
- 2021Improving Neural Machine Translation by Bidirectional Trainingcited by 17
- 2021On the Complementarity between Pre-Training and Back-Translation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 14
- 2021The USYD-JD Speech Translation System for IWSLT 2021cited by 11
- 2023Bag of Tricks for Effective Language Model Pretraining and Downstream Adaptation: A Case Study on GLUEcited by 11
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2025Curriculum Learning for Biological Sequence Prediction: The Case of De Novo Peptide Sequencing16 Jun 2025
- 2024Revisiting Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Model Tuning7 Jun 2024
- 2024What Have We Achieved on Non-autoregressive Translation?21 May 2024
- 2023Findings of the WMT 2023 Shared Task on Discourse-Level Literary Translation: A Fresh Orb in the Cosmos of LLMs6 Nov 2023
- 2023Beyond MLE: Convex Learning for Text Generation26 Oct 2023
- 2023Revisiting Non-Autoregressive Translation at Scale25 May 2023
- 2023Prompt-Learning for Cross-Lingual Relation Extraction20 Apr 2023
- 2023On Efficient Training of Large-Scale Deep Learning Models: A Literature Review7 Apr 2023
- 2023Towards Making the Most of ChatGPT for Machine Translation24 Mar 2023
- 2023RenewNAT: Renewing Potential Translation for Non-Autoregressive Transformer14 Mar 2023
- 2023OmniForce: On Human-Centered, Large Model Empowered and Cloud-Edge Collaborative AutoML System1 Mar 2023
- 2023Bag of Tricks for Effective Language Model Pretraining and Downstream Adaptation: A Case Study on GLUE18 Feb 2023
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)