mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Sentence Embeddings using Supervised Contrastive Learning

arXiv 2106.04791 ↗First posted 9 Jun 2021cs.CL cs.LGcited by 5

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Abstract (arXiv)

Sentence embeddings encode sentences in fixed dense vectors and have played an important role in various NLP tasks and systems. Methods for building sentence embeddings include unsupervised learning such as Quick-Thoughts and supervised learning such as InferSent. With the success of pretrained NLP models, recent research shows that fine-tuning pretrained BERT on SNLI and Multi-NLI data creates state-of-the-art sentence embeddings, outperforming previous sentence embeddings methods on various evaluation benchmarks. In this paper, we propose a new method to build sentence embeddings by doing supervised contrastive learning. Specifically our method fine-tunes pretrained BERT on SNLI data, incorporating both supervised crossentropy loss and supervised contrastive loss. Compared with baseline where fine-tuning is only done with supervised cross-entropy loss similar to current state-of-the-art method SBERT, our supervised contrastive method improves 2.8% in average on Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) benchmarks and 1.05% in average on various sentence transfer tasks.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2021.

Builds on

13 of 31 references.

References · 13

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  2. 2020A Simple Framework for Contrastive Learning of Visual Representationscited by 11,979
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  5. 2020Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2,803
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  7. 2015A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inferencecited by 1,837
  8. 2017SemEval-2017 Task 1: Semantic Textual Similarity - Multilingual and Cross-lingual Focused Evaluationcited by 998
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  10. 2015Skip-Thought Vectorscited by 321
  11. 2018SentEval: An Evaluation Toolkit for Universal Sentence Representationscited by 294
  12. 2020Supervised Contrastive Learning for Pre-trained Language Model Fine-tuningcited by 275
1 more
  1. 2018An efficient framework for learning sentence representationscited by 197

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 0; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

5 papers.