Millimeter-Wave Beamforming with Continuous Coverage for Mobile Interactive Virtual Reality

Contemporary Virtual Reality (VR) setups commonly consist of a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) tethered to a content-generating server. "Cutting the wire" in such setups and going truly wireless will require a wireless network capable of delivering enormous amounts of video data at an extremely low latency. Higher frequencies, such as the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band, can support these requirements. Due to high attenuation and path loss in the mmWave frequencies, beamforming is essential. For VR setups, beamforming must adapt in real-time to the user's head rotations, but can rely on the HMD's built-in sensors providing accurate orientation estimates. In this work, we present coVRage, a beamforming solution tailored for VR HMDs. Based on past and current head orientations, the HMD predicts how the Angle of Arrival (AoA) from the access point will change in the near future, and covers this AoA trajectory with a dynamically shaped beam, synthesized using sub-arrays. We show that this solution can cover such trajectories with consistently high gain, unlike regular single-beam solutions.