mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Continual Learning with Echo State Networks

arXiv 2105.07674 ↗First posted 17 May 2021cs.LG cs.AIcited by 8

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Continual Learning (CL) refers to a learning setup where data is non stationary and the model has to learn without forgetting existing knowledge. The study of CL for sequential patterns revolves around trained recurrent networks. In this work, instead, we introduce CL in the context of Echo State Networks (ESNs), where the recurrent component is kept fixed. We provide the first evaluation of catastrophic forgetting in ESNs and we highlight the benefits in using CL strategies which are not applicable to trained recurrent models. Our results confirm the ESN as a promising model for CL and open to its use in streaming scenarios.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 May 2021.

Builds on

8 of 14 references.

References · 8

  1. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
  2. 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,465
  3. 2021Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual Learningcited by 124
  4. 2019Continual Learning for Robotics: Definition, Framework, Learning Strategies, Opportunities and Challengescited by 92
  5. 2019Lifelong Machine Learning with Deep Streaming Linear Discriminant Analysiscited by 91
  6. 2021Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical Evaluationcited by 34
  7. 2019Spiking Neural Predictive Coding for Continual Learning from Data Streamscited by 17
  8. 2020Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingcited by 12

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

8 papers.