A First Look: Towards Explainable TextVQA Models via Visual and Textual Explanations
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Abstract (arXiv)
Explainable deep learning models are advantageous in many situations. Prior work mostly provide unimodal explanations through post-hoc approaches not part of the original system design. Explanation mechanisms also ignore useful textual information present in images. In this paper, we propose MTXNet, an end-to-end trainable multimodal architecture to generate multimodal explanations, which focuses on the text in the image. We curate a novel dataset TextVQA-X, containing ground truth visual and multi-reference textual explanations that can be leveraged during both training and evaluation. We then quantitatively show that training with multimodal explanations complements model performance and surpasses unimodal baselines by up to 7% in CIDEr scores and 2% in IoU. More importantly, we demonstrate that the multimodal explanations are consistent with human interpretations, help justify the models' decision, and provide useful insights to help diagnose an incorrect prediction. Finally, we describe a real-world e-commerce application for using the generated multimodal explanations.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2021.
Builds on
43 of 57 references.
References · 43
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31 more
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 1; 2023: 4; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2023Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Methodological Advances and Future Research Directions9 Jun 2023
- 2022Grounding Answers for Visual Questions Asked by Visually Impaired Peoplecited by 47
- 2023Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Methodological Advances and Future Research Directionscited by 25
- 2023VQA Therapy: Exploring Answer Differences by Visually Grounding Answerscited by 14
- 2024A Review of Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present and Futurecited by 9
- 2025ChartQA-X: Generating Explanations for Visual Chart Reasoningcited by 9
- 2021Improving and Diagnosing Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering via Entity Enhanced Knowledge Injectioncited by 8
- 2023Sentence Attention Blocks for Answer Groundingcited by 8
- 2024Scene-Text Grounding for Text-Based Video Question Answeringcited by 5
- 2023Making the V in Text-VQA Mattercited by 1
- 2024MEGL: Multimodal Explanation-Guided Learningcited by 1
- 2025A Framework for Generating Artificial Datasets to Validate Absolute and Relative Position Conceptscited by 0
- 2025A Framework for Generating Artificial Datasets to Validate Absolute and Relative Position Concepts17 Sep 2025
- 2025ChartQA-X: Generating Explanations for Visual Chart Reasoning17 Apr 2025
- 2024A Review of Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Past, Present and Future18 Dec 2024
- 2024MEGL: Multimodal Explanation-Guided Learning20 Nov 2024
- 2024Scene-Text Grounding for Text-Based Video Question Answering22 Sep 2024
- 2023Sentence Attention Blocks for Answer Grounding20 Sep 2023
- 2023VQA Therapy: Exploring Answer Differences by Visually Grounding Answers21 Aug 2023
- 2023Making the V in Text-VQA Matter1 Aug 2023
- 2023Multimodal Explainable Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Methodological Advances and Future Research Directions9 Jun 2023
- 2022Grounding Answers for Visual Questions Asked by Visually Impaired People4 Feb 2022
- 2021Improving and Diagnosing Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering via Entity Enhanced Knowledge Injection13 Dec 2021