Czert -- Czech BERT-like Model for Language Representation
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper describes the training process of the first Czech monolingual language representation models based on BERT and ALBERT architectures. We pre-train our models on more than 340K of sentences, which is 50 times more than multilingual models that include Czech data. We outperform the multilingual models on 9 out of 11 datasets. In addition, we establish the new state-of-the-art results on nine datasets. At the end, we discuss properties of monolingual and multilingual models based upon our results. We publish all the pre-trained and fine-tuned models freely for the research community.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2021.
Builds on
25 of 49 references.
References · 25
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13 more
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 3; 2023: 6; 2024: 3; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
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- 2021MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfercited by 89
- 2023LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domaincited by 68
- 2021RobeCzech: Czech RoBERTa, a monolingual contextualized language representation modelcited by 33
- 2021SlovakBERT: Slovak Masked Language Modelcited by 11
- 2023Measuring Gender Bias in West Slavic Language Modelscited by 10
- 2021Are the Multilingual Models Better? Improving Czech Sentiment with Transformerscited by 7
- 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for European Languagescited by 6
- 2022Czech Dataset for Cross-lingual Subjectivity Classificationcited by 5
- 2023Improving Aspect-Based Sentiment with End-to-End Semantic Role Labeling Modelcited by 5
- 2022End-to-end Multilingual Coreference Resolution with Mention Head Predictioncited by 4
- 2023Pipeline and Dataset Generation for Automated Fact-checking in Almost Any Languagecited by 4
- 2025Czech Dataset for Complex Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Taskscited by 4
10 more
- 2023Some Like It Small: Czech Semantic Embedding Models for Industry Applicationscited by 3
- 2024Exploring Multiple Strategies to Improve Multilingual Coreference Resolution in CorefUDcited by 3
- 2024How Gender Interacts with Political Values: A Case Study on Czech BERT Modelscited by 2
- 2025Prompt-Based Approach for Czech Sentiment Analysiscited by 2
- 2021Czech News Dataset for Semantic Textual Similaritycited by 1
- 2022Fine-grained Czech News Article Dataset: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Trustworthiness Analysiscited by 0
- 2023Exploring the Use of Foundation Models for Named Entity Recognition and Lemmatization Tasks in Slavic Languagescited by 0
- 2025TextBite: A Historical Czech Document Dataset for Logical Page Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Evaluation of Czech Sentence Embeddings: Semantic Relevance Doesn't Help with MT Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026CzechTopic: A Benchmark for Zero-Shot Topic Localization in Historical Czech Documentscited by 0
- 2026CzechTopic: A Benchmark for Zero-Shot Topic Localization in Historical Czech Documents4 Mar 2026
- 2025Prompt-Based Approach for Czech Sentiment Analysis12 Aug 2025
- 2025Czech Dataset for Complex Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Tasks11 Aug 2025
- 2025Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Evaluation of Czech Sentence Embeddings: Semantic Relevance Doesn't Help with MT Evaluation25 Jun 2025
- 2025TextBite: A Historical Czech Document Dataset for Logical Page Segmentation20 Mar 2025
- 2024Exploring Multiple Strategies to Improve Multilingual Coreference Resolution in CorefUD29 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for European Languages27 Aug 2024
- 2024How Gender Interacts with Political Values: A Case Study on Czech BERT Models20 Mar 2024
- 2023Pipeline and Dataset Generation for Automated Fact-checking in Almost Any Language15 Dec 2023
- 2023Some Like It Small: Czech Semantic Embedding Models for Industry Applications23 Nov 2023
- 2023Improving Aspect-Based Sentiment with End-to-End Semantic Role Labeling Model27 Jul 2023
- 2023Measuring Gender Bias in West Slavic Language Models12 Apr 2023
10 more
- 2023Exploring the Use of Foundation Models for Named Entity Recognition and Lemmatization Tasks in Slavic Languages11 Apr 2023
- 2023LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domain30 Jan 2023
- 2022Fine-grained Czech News Article Dataset: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Trustworthiness Analysis16 Dec 2022
- 2022End-to-end Multilingual Coreference Resolution with Mention Head Prediction26 Sep 2022
- 2022Czech Dataset for Cross-lingual Subjectivity Classification29 Apr 2022
- 2021SlovakBERT: Slovak Masked Language Model30 Sep 2021
- 2021MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer2 Sep 2021
- 2021Are the Multilingual Models Better? Improving Czech Sentiment with Transformers24 Aug 2021
- 2021Czech News Dataset for Semantic Textual Similarity19 Aug 2021
- 2021RobeCzech: Czech RoBERTa, a monolingual contextualized language representation model24 May 2021
- 2021MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfercited by 89
- 2023LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domaincited by 68
- 2021RobeCzech: Czech RoBERTa, a monolingual contextualized language representation modelcited by 33
- 2021SlovakBERT: Slovak Masked Language Modelcited by 11
- 2023Measuring Gender Bias in West Slavic Language Modelscited by 10
- 2021Are the Multilingual Models Better? Improving Czech Sentiment with Transformerscited by 7
- 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for European Languagescited by 6
- 2022Czech Dataset for Cross-lingual Subjectivity Classificationcited by 5
- 2023Improving Aspect-Based Sentiment with End-to-End Semantic Role Labeling Modelcited by 5
- 2022End-to-end Multilingual Coreference Resolution with Mention Head Predictioncited by 4
- 2023Pipeline and Dataset Generation for Automated Fact-checking in Almost Any Languagecited by 4
- 2025Czech Dataset for Complex Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Taskscited by 4
12 most cited of 22 All 22 (JSON)
- 2026CzechTopic: A Benchmark for Zero-Shot Topic Localization in Historical Czech Documents4 Mar 2026
- 2025Prompt-Based Approach for Czech Sentiment Analysis12 Aug 2025
- 2025Czech Dataset for Complex Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Tasks11 Aug 2025
- 2025Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Evaluation of Czech Sentence Embeddings: Semantic Relevance Doesn't Help with MT Evaluation25 Jun 2025
- 2025TextBite: A Historical Czech Document Dataset for Logical Page Segmentation20 Mar 2025
- 2024Exploring Multiple Strategies to Improve Multilingual Coreference Resolution in CorefUD29 Aug 2024
- 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for European Languages27 Aug 2024
- 2024How Gender Interacts with Political Values: A Case Study on Czech BERT Models20 Mar 2024
- 2023Pipeline and Dataset Generation for Automated Fact-checking in Almost Any Language15 Dec 2023
- 2023Some Like It Small: Czech Semantic Embedding Models for Industry Applications23 Nov 2023
- 2023Improving Aspect-Based Sentiment with End-to-End Semantic Role Labeling Model27 Jul 2023
- 2023Measuring Gender Bias in West Slavic Language Models12 Apr 2023
12 newest of 22 All 22 (JSON)