Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Graph Networks: an Introductory Benchmark for Graph Classification
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
In this work, we study the phenomenon of catastrophic forgetting in the graph representation learning scenario. The primary objective of the analysis is to understand whether classical continual learning techniques for flat and sequential data have a tangible impact on performances when applied to graph data. To do so, we experiment with a structure-agnostic model and a deep graph network in a robust and controlled environment on three different datasets. The benchmark is complemented by an investigation on the effect of structure-preserving regularization techniques on catastrophic forgetting. We find that replay is the most effective strategy in so far, which also benefits the most from the use of regularization. Our findings suggest interesting future research at the intersection of the continual and graph representation learning fields. Finally, we provide researchers with a flexible software framework to reproduce our results and carry out further experiments.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 31 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Mar 2021.
Builds on
31 of 51 references.
References · 31
- 2016Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 11,361
- 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
- 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
- 2019A Comprehensive Survey on Graph Neural Networkscited by 2,919
- 2016Learning without Forgettingcited by 2,496
- 2019Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometriccited by 2,434
- 2020Open Graph Benchmark: Datasets for Machine Learning on Graphscited by 2,163
- 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,898
- 2016Progressive Neural Networkscited by 1,361
- 2018Relational inductive biases, deep learning, and graph networkscited by 1,360
- 2018Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 1,330
- 2017Continual Learning with Deep Generative Replaycited by 1,158
19 more
- 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,095
- 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,058
- 2016Geometric deep learning: going beyond Euclidean datacited by 1,048
- 2020Benchmarking Graph Neural Networkscited by 680
- 2018Progress & Compress: A scalable framework for continual learningcited by 520
- 2019Online Continual Learning with Maximally Interfered Retrievalcited by 379
- 2019A Fair Comparison of Graph Neural Networks for Graph Classificationcited by 244
- 2018Selective Experience Replay for Lifelong Learningcited by 241
- 2019Compacting, Picking and Growing for Unforgetting Continual Learningcited by 207
- 2018Memory Efficient Experience Replay for Streaming Learningcited by 128
- 2018Continuous Learning in Single-Incremental-Task Scenarioscited by 109
- 2019A Gentle Introduction to Deep Learning for Graphscited by 108
- 2019Regularization Shortcomings for Continual Learningcited by 32
- 2020Lifelong Graph Learningcited by 31
- 2018Exploiting Semantics in Neural Machine Translation with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 30
- 2020Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingcited by 12
- 2019Continual Learning of New Sound Classes using Generative Replaycited by 11
- 2020Continual Learning in Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 10
- 2019Adaptive Compression-based Lifelong Learningcited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 2; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
13 papers.
Sort:
- 2022Graph Lifelong Learning: A Surveycited by 30
- 2024Towards Robust Graph Incremental Learning on Evolving Graphscited by 18
- 2024Topology-aware Embedding Memory for Continual Learning on Expanding Networkscited by 14
- 2024DSLR: Diversity Enhancement and Structure Learning for Rehearsal-based Graph Continual Learningcited by 14
- 2024A Topology-aware Graph Coarsening Framework for Continual Graph Learningcited by 11
- 2023Universal Graph Continual Learningcited by 9
- 2024Continual Learning for Smart City: A Surveycited by 9
- 2022BeGin: Extensive Benchmark Scenarios and An Easy-to-use Framework for Graph Continual Learningcited by 8
- 2023On the Limitation and Experience Replay for GNNs in Continual Learningcited by 7
- 2025Advances in Continual Graph Learning for Anti-Money Laundering Systems: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 1
- 2025AL-GNN: Privacy-Preserving and Replay-Free Continual Graph Learning via Analytic Learningcited by 1
- 2022Bayesian Deep Learning for Graphscited by 0
- 2026Continual Learning for fMRI-Based Brain Disorder Diagnosis via Functional Connectivity Matrices Generative Replay15 Apr 2026
- 2025AL-GNN: Privacy-Preserving and Replay-Free Continual Graph Learning via Analytic Learning20 Dec 2025
- 2025Advances in Continual Graph Learning for Anti-Money Laundering Systems: A Comprehensive Review31 Mar 2025
- 2024Continual Learning for Smart City: A Survey1 Apr 2024
- 2024DSLR: Diversity Enhancement and Structure Learning for Rehearsal-based Graph Continual Learning21 Feb 2024
- 2024Towards Robust Graph Incremental Learning on Evolving Graphs20 Feb 2024
- 2024Topology-aware Embedding Memory for Continual Learning on Expanding Networks24 Jan 2024
- 2024A Topology-aware Graph Coarsening Framework for Continual Graph Learning5 Jan 2024
- 2023Universal Graph Continual Learning27 Aug 2023
- 2023On the Limitation and Experience Replay for GNNs in Continual Learning7 Feb 2023
- 2022BeGin: Extensive Benchmark Scenarios and An Easy-to-use Framework for Graph Continual Learning26 Nov 2022
- 2022Bayesian Deep Learning for Graphs24 Feb 2022
1 more
- 2022Graph Lifelong Learning: A Survey22 Feb 2022
- 2022Graph Lifelong Learning: A Surveycited by 30
- 2024Towards Robust Graph Incremental Learning on Evolving Graphscited by 18
- 2024Topology-aware Embedding Memory for Continual Learning on Expanding Networkscited by 14
- 2024DSLR: Diversity Enhancement and Structure Learning for Rehearsal-based Graph Continual Learningcited by 14
- 2024A Topology-aware Graph Coarsening Framework for Continual Graph Learningcited by 11
- 2023Universal Graph Continual Learningcited by 9
- 2024Continual Learning for Smart City: A Surveycited by 9
- 2022BeGin: Extensive Benchmark Scenarios and An Easy-to-use Framework for Graph Continual Learningcited by 8
- 2023On the Limitation and Experience Replay for GNNs in Continual Learningcited by 7
- 2025Advances in Continual Graph Learning for Anti-Money Laundering Systems: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 1
- 2025AL-GNN: Privacy-Preserving and Replay-Free Continual Graph Learning via Analytic Learningcited by 1
- 2022Bayesian Deep Learning for Graphscited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Continual Learning for fMRI-Based Brain Disorder Diagnosis via Functional Connectivity Matrices Generative Replay15 Apr 2026
- 2025AL-GNN: Privacy-Preserving and Replay-Free Continual Graph Learning via Analytic Learning20 Dec 2025
- 2025Advances in Continual Graph Learning for Anti-Money Laundering Systems: A Comprehensive Review31 Mar 2025
- 2024Continual Learning for Smart City: A Survey1 Apr 2024
- 2024DSLR: Diversity Enhancement and Structure Learning for Rehearsal-based Graph Continual Learning21 Feb 2024
- 2024Towards Robust Graph Incremental Learning on Evolving Graphs20 Feb 2024
- 2024Topology-aware Embedding Memory for Continual Learning on Expanding Networks24 Jan 2024
- 2024A Topology-aware Graph Coarsening Framework for Continual Graph Learning5 Jan 2024
- 2023Universal Graph Continual Learning27 Aug 2023
- 2023On the Limitation and Experience Replay for GNNs in Continual Learning7 Feb 2023
- 2022BeGin: Extensive Benchmark Scenarios and An Easy-to-use Framework for Graph Continual Learning26 Nov 2022
- 2022Bayesian Deep Learning for Graphs24 Feb 2022
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)