Evolving Continuous Optimisers from Scratch
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
This work uses genetic programming to explore the space of continuous optimisers, with the goal of discovering novel ways of doing optimisation. In order to keep the search space broad, the optimisers are evolved from scratch using Push, a Turing-complete, general-purpose, language. The resulting optimisers are found to be diverse, and explore their optimisation landscapes using a variety of interesting, and sometimes unusual, strategies. Significantly, when applied to problems that were not seen during training, many of the evolved optimisers generalise well, and often outperform existing optimisers. This supports the idea that novel and effective forms of optimisation can be discovered in an automated manner. This paper also shows that pools of evolved optimisers can be hybridised to further increase their generality, leading to optimisers that perform robustly over a broad variety of problem types and sizes.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Mar 2021.
Builds on
9 of 54 references.
References · 9
- 2016Learning to learn by gradient descent by gradient descentcited by 617
- 2015Illuminating search spaces by mapping elitescited by 415
- 2020AutoML-Zero: Evolving Machine Learning Algorithms From Scratchcited by 139
- 2017Learned Optimizers that Scale and Generalizecited by 110
- 2016Evolving the Structure of Evolution Strategiescited by 11
- 2018A new Taxonomy of Continuous Global Optimization Algorithmscited by 2
- 2019Mitigating Metaphors: A Comprehensible Guide to Recent Nature-Inspired Algorithmscited by 2
- 2019Instruction-Level Design of Local Optimisers using Push GPcited by 2
- 2019Optimising Optimisers with Push GPcited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 1.
3 papers.
- 2023Automated Design of Metaheuristic Algorithms: A Surveycited by 12
- 2025LLM-Meta-SR: In-Context Learning for Evolving Selection Operators in Symbolic Regressioncited by 5
- 2022AutoOpt: A General Framework for Automatically Designing Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms with Diverse Structurescited by 4
- 2025LLM-Meta-SR: In-Context Learning for Evolving Selection Operators in Symbolic Regression24 May 2025
- 2023Automated Design of Metaheuristic Algorithms: A Survey12 Mar 2023
- 2022AutoOpt: A General Framework for Automatically Designing Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms with Diverse Structures3 Apr 2022