Toward Semi-Automatic Misconception Discovery Using Code Embeddings
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Abstract (arXiv)
Understanding students' misconceptions is important for effective teaching and assessment. However, discovering such misconceptions manually can be time-consuming and laborious. Automated misconception discovery can address these challenges by highlighting patterns in student data, which domain experts can then inspect to identify misconceptions. In this work, we present a novel method for the semi-automated discovery of problem-specific misconceptions from students' program code in computing courses, using a state-of-the-art code classification model. We trained the model on a block-based programming dataset and used the learned embedding to cluster incorrect student submissions. We found these clusters correspond to specific misconceptions about the problem and would not have been easily discovered with existing approaches. We also discuss potential applications of our approach and how these misconceptions inform domain-specific insights into students' learning processes.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Mar 2021.
Builds on
6 of 37 references.
References · 6
- 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
- 2013Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionalitycited by 3,462
- 2018code2vec: Learning Distributed Representations of Codecited by 249
- 2016A Convolutional Attention Network for Extreme Summarization of Source Codecited by 90
- 2015Learning Program Embeddings to Propagate Feedback on Student Codecited by 19
- 2017Data-Mining Textual Responses to Uncover Misconception Patternscited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
8 papers.
- 2022Code-DKT: A Code-based Knowledge Tracing Model for Programming Taskscited by 16
- 2022From {Solution Synthesis} to {Student Attempt Synthesis} for Block-Based Visual Programming Taskscited by 8
- 2023Large Language Models for In-Context Student Modeling: Synthesizing Student's Behavior in Visual Programmingcited by 8
- 2024Test Case-Informed Knowledge Tracing for Open-ended Coding Taskscited by 7
- 2023Students' Perceptions and Preferences of Generative Artificial Intelligence Feedback for Programmingcited by 6
- 2025Automated Identification of Logical Errors in Programs: Advancing Scalable Analysis of Student Misconceptionscited by 5
- 2024Deep Learning for Educational Data Sciencecited by 1
- 2026What Don't You Understand? Using Large Language Models to Identify and Characterize Student Misconceptions About Challenging Topicscited by 0
- 2026What Don't You Understand? Using Large Language Models to Identify and Characterize Student Misconceptions About Challenging Topics30 Apr 2026
- 2025Automated Identification of Logical Errors in Programs: Advancing Scalable Analysis of Student Misconceptions16 May 2025
- 2024Test Case-Informed Knowledge Tracing for Open-ended Coding Tasks28 Sep 2024
- 2024Deep Learning for Educational Data Science12 Apr 2024
- 2023Students' Perceptions and Preferences of Generative Artificial Intelligence Feedback for Programming17 Dec 2023
- 2023Large Language Models for In-Context Student Modeling: Synthesizing Student's Behavior in Visual Programming15 Oct 2023
- 2022Code-DKT: A Code-based Knowledge Tracing Model for Programming Tasks7 Jun 2022
- 2022From {Solution Synthesis} to {Student Attempt Synthesis} for Block-Based Visual Programming Tasks3 May 2022