Learning Neural Generative Dynamics for Molecular Conformation Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We study how to generate molecule conformations (i.e., 3D structures) from a molecular graph. Traditional methods, such as molecular dynamics, sample conformations via computationally expensive simulations. Recently, machine learning methods have shown great potential by training on a large collection of conformation data. Challenges arise from the limited model capacity for capturing complex distributions of conformations and the difficulty in modeling long-range dependencies between atoms. Inspired by the recent progress in deep generative models, in this paper, we propose a novel probabilistic framework to generate valid and diverse conformations given a molecular graph. We propose a method combining the advantages of both flow-based and energy-based models, enjoying: (1) a high model capacity to estimate the multimodal conformation distribution; (2) explicitly capturing the complex long-range dependencies between atoms in the observation space. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method on several benchmarks, including conformation generation and distance modeling tasks, with a significant improvement over existing generative models for molecular conformation sampling.
Key facts. Cited by 87 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Feb 2021.
Builds on
17 of 44 references.
References · 17
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- 2017SchNet: A continuous-filter convolutional neural network for modeling quantum interactionscited by 569
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- 2016A Theory of Generative ConvNetcited by 174
- 2019Symmetry-adapted generation of 3d point sets for the targeted discovery of moleculescited by 171
5 more
- 2013Generalized Denoising Auto-Encoders as Generative Modelscited by 113
- 2019Molecular geometry prediction using a deep generative graph neural networkcited by 91
- 2019A Generative Model for Molecular Distance Geometrycited by 73
- 2019Generating valid Euclidean distance matricescited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 16; 2023: 29; 2024: 14; 2025: 12; 2026: 3.
87 papers.
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- 2022GeoDiff: a Geometric Diffusion Model for Molecular Conformation Generationcited by 511
- 2021Crystal Diffusion Variational Autoencoder for Periodic Material Generationcited by 268
- 2022Torsional Diffusion for Molecular Conformer Generationcited by 262
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- 2021Learning Gradient Fields for Molecular Conformation Generationcited by 162
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- 2022Diffusion-based Molecule Generation with Informative Prior Bridgescited by 104
- 2021Inverse design of 3d molecular structures with conditional generative neural networkscited by 93
38 more
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- 2024A Survey of Generative AI for de novo Drug Design: New Frontiers in Molecule and Protein Generationcited by 29
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- 2022Generative Coarse-Graining of Molecular Conformationscited by 21
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- 2022NVDiff: Graph Generation through the Diffusion of Node Vectorscited by 18
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- 2023Deep Learning Methods for Small Molecule Drug Discovery: A Surveycited by 10
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- 2023Do Deep Learning Methods Really Perform Better in Molecular Conformation Generation?cited by 8
- 2023PrefixMol: Target- and Chemistry-aware Molecule Design via Prefix Embeddingcited by 7
- 2023CoarsenConf: Equivariant Coarsening with Aggregated Attention for Molecular Conformer Generationcited by 7
- 2023ChiENN: Embracing Molecular Chirality with Graph Neural Networkscited by 6
- 2023CREMP: Conformer-rotamer ensembles of macrocyclic peptides for machine learningcited by 5
- 2023Von Mises Mixture Distributions for Molecular Conformation Generationcited by 5
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- 2025Graph-structured Small Molecule Drug Discovery Through Deep Learning: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 5
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- 2022Your Autoregressive Generative Model Can be Better If You Treat It as an Energy-Based Onecited by 4
50 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)
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- 2025Energy-Guided Generative Modeling for Low-Energy Molecular Structure Discovery27 Dec 2025
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- 2025Unified Molecule Pre-training with Flexible 2D and 3D Modalities: Single and Paired Modality Integration8 Oct 2025
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38 more
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- 2024Equivariant Blurring Diffusion for Hierarchical Molecular Conformer Generation26 Oct 2024
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- 2024WGFormer: An SE(3)-Transformer Driven by Wasserstein Gradient Flows for Molecular Ground-State Conformation Prediction13 Oct 2024
- 2024REBIND: Enhancing ground-state molecular conformation via force-based graph rewiring4 Oct 2024
- 2024Mitigating Exposure Bias in Score-Based Generation of Molecular Conformations21 Sep 2024
- 2024Geometry Informed Tokenization of Molecules for Language Model Generation19 Aug 2024
- 2024SubGDiff: A Subgraph Diffusion Model to Improve Molecular Representation Learning9 May 2024
- 2024On Diffusion Process in SE(3)-invariant Space3 Mar 2024
- 2024A Survey of Geometric Graph Neural Networks: Data Structures, Models and Applications1 Mar 2024
- 2024Structure-Based Drug Design via 3D Molecular Generative Pre-training and Sampling22 Feb 2024
- 2024A Survey of Generative AI for de novo Drug Design: New Frontiers in Molecule and Protein Generation13 Feb 2024
- 2024Weisfeiler Leman for Euclidean Equivariant Machine Learning4 Feb 2024
- 2023Diffusion-Driven Generative Framework for Molecular Conformation Prediction22 Dec 2023
- 2023SE(3)-Invariant Multiparameter Persistent Homology for Chiral-Sensitive Molecular Property Prediction12 Dec 2023
- 2023Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Simplified Scalable Conformer Generation27 Nov 2023
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- 2023Gradual Optimization Learning for Conformational Energy Minimization5 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards equilibrium molecular conformation generation with GFlowNets20 Oct 2023
- 2023On Accelerating Diffusion-based Molecular Conformation Generation in SE(3)-invariant Space7 Oct 2023
- 2023Molecular Conformation Generation via Shifting Scores12 Sep 2023
- 2023Leveraging Side Information for Ligand Conformation Generation using Diffusion-Based Approaches2 Aug 2023
- 2023Towards Symmetry-Aware Generation of Periodic Materials6 Jul 2023
- 2023ChiENN: Embracing Molecular Chirality with Graph Neural Networks5 Jul 2023
- 2023CoarsenConf: Equivariant Coarsening with Aggregated Attention for Molecular Conformer Generation26 Jun 2023
- 2023Automated 3D Pre-Training for Molecular Property Prediction13 Jun 2023
- 2023Von Mises Mixture Distributions for Molecular Conformation Generation13 Jun 2023
- 2023Efficient and Equivariant Graph Networks for Predicting Quantum Hamiltonian8 Jun 2023
- 2023Functional-Group-Based Diffusion for Pocket-Specific Molecule Generation and Elaboration30 May 2023
- 2023Accurate and Efficient Structural Ensemble Generation of Macrocyclic Peptides using Internal Coordinate Diffusion30 May 2023
- 2023Manifold Diffusion Fields24 May 2023
- 2023CREMP: Conformer-rotamer ensembles of macrocyclic peptides for machine learning14 May 2023
- 20233D Molecular Geometry Analysis with 2D Graphs1 May 2023
- 2023Neural Diffeomorphic Non-uniform B-spline Flows7 Apr 2023
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- 2022Equivariant 3D-Conditional Diffusion Models for Molecular Linker Designcited by 121
- 2023Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Simplified Scalable Conformer Generationcited by 55
- 2023A Survey on Graph Diffusion Models: Generative AI in Science for Molecule, Protein and Materialcited by 34
- 2022DiffMD: A Geometric Diffusion Model for Molecular Dynamics Simulationscited by 24
- 2022NVDiff: Graph Generation through the Diffusion of Node Vectorscited by 18
- 2023Manifold Diffusion Fieldscited by 11
- 2023DiffSDS: A language diffusion model for protein backbone inpainting under geometric conditions and constraintscited by 10
- 2025Sampling 3D Molecular Conformers with Diffusion Transformerscited by 5
- 2024SubGDiff: A Subgraph Diffusion Model to Improve Molecular Representation Learningcited by 4
- 2026Geometric Flow Matching for Molecular Conformation Generation via Manifold Decompositioncited by 3
- 2024Equivariant Blurring Diffusion for Hierarchical Molecular Conformer Generationcited by 2
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- 2026Geometric Flow Matching for Molecular Conformation Generation via Manifold Decomposition25 May 2026
- 2025HyperDiffusionFields (HyDiF): Diffusion-Guided Hypernetworks for Learning Implicit Molecular Neural Fields20 Oct 2025
- 2025Sampling 3D Molecular Conformers with Diffusion Transformers18 Jun 2025
- 2024Equivariant Blurring Diffusion for Hierarchical Molecular Conformer Generation26 Oct 2024
- 2024Mitigating Exposure Bias in Score-Based Generation of Molecular Conformations21 Sep 2024
- 2024SubGDiff: A Subgraph Diffusion Model to Improve Molecular Representation Learning9 May 2024
- 2023Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Simplified Scalable Conformer Generation27 Nov 2023
- 2023On Accelerating Diffusion-based Molecular Conformation Generation in SE(3)-invariant Space7 Oct 2023
- 2023Leveraging Side Information for Ligand Conformation Generation using Diffusion-Based Approaches2 Aug 2023
- 2023Manifold Diffusion Fields24 May 2023
- 2023A Survey on Graph Diffusion Models: Generative AI in Science for Molecule, Protein and Material4 Apr 2023
- 2023DiffSDS: A language diffusion model for protein backbone inpainting under geometric conditions and constraints22 Jan 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2021Crystal Diffusion Variational Autoencoder for Periodic Material Generationcited by 268
- 2022Torsional Diffusion for Molecular Conformer Generationcited by 262
- 2022Long Range Graph Benchmarkcited by 258
- 2021E(n) Equivariant Normalizing Flowscited by 165
- 2021Learning Gradient Fields for Molecular Conformation Generationcited by 162
- 20213D Infomax improves GNNs for Molecular Property Predictioncited by 146
- 2022EquiBind: Geometric Deep Learning for Drug Binding Structure Predictioncited by 143
- 2021GeoMol: Torsional Geometric Generation of Molecular 3D Conformer Ensemblescited by 106
- 2022Diffusion-based Molecule Generation with Informative Prior Bridgescited by 104
- 2021Inverse design of 3d molecular structures with conditional generative neural networkscited by 93
- 2021SE(3) Equivariant Graph Neural Networks with Complete Local Framescited by 75
- 2021An End-to-End Framework for Molecular Conformation Generation via Bilevel Programmingcited by 59
12 most cited of 71 All 71 (JSON)
- 2026Expanding Flow Maps23 Jul 2026
- 2026A Cross-Domain Graph Learning Protocol for Single-Step Molecular Geometry Refinement30 Jan 2026
- 2025Energy-Guided Generative Modeling for Low-Energy Molecular Structure Discovery27 Dec 2025
- 2025Energy Loss Functions for Physical Systems3 Nov 2025
- 2025A Conformation-Centric Generative Foundation Model for Linear Polymer Modeling and Design15 Oct 2025
- 2025Unified Molecule Pre-training with Flexible 2D and 3D Modalities: Single and Paired Modality Integration8 Oct 2025
- 2025A standard transformer and attention with linear biases for molecular conformer generation24 Jun 2025
- 2025MetamatBench: Integrating Heterogeneous Data, Computational Tools, and Visual Interface for Metamaterial Discovery8 May 2025
- 2025PolyConf: Unlocking Polymer Conformation Generation through Hierarchical Generative Models11 Apr 2025
- 2025Beyond Atoms: Enhancing Molecular Pretrained Representations with 3D Space Modeling13 Mar 2025
- 2025Graph-structured Small Molecule Drug Discovery Through Deep Learning: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities13 Feb 2025
- 2025CrystalGRW: Generative Modeling of Crystal Structures with Targeted Properties via Geodesic Random Walks15 Jan 2025
12 newest of 71 All 71 (JSON)