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Facilitating Terminology Translation with Target Lemma Annotations

arXiv 2101.10035 ↗First posted 25 Jan 2021cs.CLcited by 19

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Abstract (arXiv)

Most of the recent work on terminology integration in machine translation has assumed that terminology translations are given already inflected in forms that are suitable for the target language sentence. In day-to-day work of professional translators, however, it is seldom the case as translators work with bilingual glossaries where terms are given in their dictionary forms; finding the right target language form is part of the translation process. We argue that the requirement for apriori specified target language forms is unrealistic and impedes the practical applicability of previous work. In this work, we propose to train machine translation systems using a source-side data augmentation method that annotates randomly selected source language words with their target language lemmas. We show that systems trained on such augmented data are readily usable for terminology integration in real-life translation scenarios. Our experiments on terminology translation into the morphologically complex Baltic and Uralic languages show an improvement of up to 7 BLEU points over baseline systems with no means for terminology integration and an average improvement of 4 BLEU points over the previous work. Results of the human evaluation indicate a 47.7% absolute improvement over the previous work in term translation accuracy when translating into Latvian.

Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jan 2021.

Builds on

8 of 20 references.

References · 8

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020Stanza: A Python Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Many Human Languagescited by 719
  3. 2017Lexically Constrained Decoding for Sequence Generation Using Grid Beam Searchcited by 234
  4. 2018Fast Lexically Constrained Decoding with Dynamic Beam Allocation for Neural Machine Translationcited by 181
  5. 2019Training Neural Machine Translation To Apply Terminology Constraintscited by 73
  6. 2020Lexically Constrained Neural Machine Translation with Levenshtein Transformercited by 45
  7. 2016Linguistic Input Features Improve Neural Machine Translationcited by 38
  8. 2018Neural Machine Translation Decoding with Terminology Constraintscited by 36

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 2; 2025: 2.

19 papers.

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  1. 2022Democratizing Neural Machine Translation with OPUS-MTcited by 57
  2. 2021On the Evaluation of Machine Translation for Terminology Consistencycited by 15
  3. 2021Is "moby dick" a Whale or a Bird? Named Entities and Terminology in Speech Translationcited by 11
  4. 2023Terminology-Aware Translation with Constrained Decoding and Large Language Model Promptingcited by 8
  5. 2021End-to-End Lexically Constrained Machine Translation for Morphologically Rich Languagescited by 6
  6. 2021Rule-based Morphological Inflection Improves Neural Terminology Translationcited by 3
  7. 2021Dynamic Terminology Integration for COVID-19 and other Emerging Domainscited by 3
  8. 2023Towards Accurate Translation via Semantically Appropriate Application of Lexical Constraintscited by 3
  9. 2023SOTASTREAM: A Streaming Approach to Machine Translation Trainingcited by 3
  10. 2024Optimizing Rare Word Accuracy in Direct Speech Translation with a Retrieval-and-Demonstration Approachcited by 3
  11. 2025Locate-and-Focus: Enhancing Terminology Translation in Speech Language Modelscited by 3
  12. 2021CUNI systems for WMT21: Terminology translation Shared Taskcited by 2
7 more
  1. 2022Statistical and Neural Methods for Cross-lingual Entity Label Mapping in Knowledge Graphscited by 2
  2. 2023Negative Lexical Constraints in Neural Machine Translationcited by 1
  3. 2024From Priest to Doctor: Domain Adaptation for Low-Resource Neural Machine Translationcited by 1
  4. 2022A Template-based Method for Constrained Neural Machine Translationcited by 0
  5. 2022Open Terminology Management and Sharing Toolkit for Federation of Terminology Databasescited by 0
  6. 2022From Zero to Production: Baltic-Ukrainian Machine Translation Systems to Aid Refugeescited by 0
  7. 2025Attention2Probability: Attention-Driven Terminology Probability Estimation for Robust Speech-to-Text Systemcited by 0