Clustering Word Embeddings with Self-Organizing Maps. Application on LaRoSeDa -- A Large Romanian Sentiment Data Set
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Abstract (arXiv)
Romanian is one of the understudied languages in computational linguistics, with few resources available for the development of natural language processing tools. In this paper, we introduce LaRoSeDa, a Large Romanian Sentiment Data Set, which is composed of 15,000 positive and negative reviews collected from one of the largest Romanian e-commerce platforms. We employ two sentiment classification methods as baselines for our new data set, one based on low-level features (character n-grams) and one based on high-level features (bag-of-word-embeddings generated by clustering word embeddings with k-means). As an additional contribution, we replace the k-means clustering algorithm with self-organizing maps (SOMs), obtaining better results because the generated clusters of word embeddings are closer to the Zipf's law distribution, which is known to govern natural language. We also demonstrate the generalization capacity of using SOMs for the clustering of word embeddings on another recently-introduced Romanian data set, for text categorization by topic.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jan 2021.
Builds on
14 of 57 references.
References · 14
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 0; 2023: 1; 2024: 5; 2025: 1.
8 papers.
- 2024Navigating Dataset Documentations in AI: A Large-Scale Analysis of Dataset Cards on Hugging Facecited by 27
- 2021Distilling the Knowledge of Romanian BERTs Using Multiple Teacherscited by 13
- 2024In-Context Former: Lightning-fast Compressing Context for Large Language Modelcited by 12
- 2024GrEmLIn: A Repository of Green Baseline Embeddings for 87 Low-Resource Languages Injected with Multilingual Graph Knowledgecited by 7
- 2023Adversarial Capsule Networks for Romanian Satire Detection and Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
- 2024"Vorbecsti Romanecste?" A Recipe to Train Powerful Romanian LLMs with English Instructionscited by 3
- 2025Small Models, Big Impact: Efficient Corpus and Graph-Based Adaptation of Small Multilingual Language Models for Low-Resource Languagescited by 3
- 2024Enhancing Romanian Offensive Language Detection through Knowledge Distillation, Multi-Task Learning, and Data Augmentationcited by 1
- 2025Small Models, Big Impact: Efficient Corpus and Graph-Based Adaptation of Small Multilingual Language Models for Low-Resource Languages14 Feb 2025
- 2024Enhancing Romanian Offensive Language Detection through Knowledge Distillation, Multi-Task Learning, and Data Augmentation30 Sep 2024
- 2024GrEmLIn: A Repository of Green Baseline Embeddings for 87 Low-Resource Languages Injected with Multilingual Graph Knowledge26 Sep 2024
- 2024"Vorbecsti Romanecste?" A Recipe to Train Powerful Romanian LLMs with English Instructions26 Jun 2024
- 2024In-Context Former: Lightning-fast Compressing Context for Large Language Model19 Jun 2024
- 2024Navigating Dataset Documentations in AI: A Large-Scale Analysis of Dataset Cards on Hugging Face24 Jan 2024
- 2023Adversarial Capsule Networks for Romanian Satire Detection and Sentiment Analysis13 Jun 2023
- 2021Distilling the Knowledge of Romanian BERTs Using Multiple Teachers23 Dec 2021