Augmenting Policy Learning with Routines Discovered from a Single Demonstration
On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Imitation learning methods
Abstract (arXiv)
Humans can abstract prior knowledge from very little data and use it to boost skill learning. In this paper, we propose routine-augmented policy learning (RAPL), which discovers routines composed of primitive actions from a single demonstration and uses discovered routines to augment policy learning. To discover routines from the demonstration, we first abstract routine candidates by identifying grammar over the demonstrated action trajectory. Then, the best routines measured by length and frequency are selected to form a routine library. We propose to learn policy simultaneously at primitive-level and routine-level with discovered routines, leveraging the temporal structure of routines. Our approach enables imitating expert behavior at multiple temporal scales for imitation learning and promotes reinforcement learning exploration. Extensive experiments on Atari games demonstrate that RAPL improves the state-of-the-art imitation learning method SQIL and reinforcement learning method A2C. Further, we show that discovered routines can generalize to unseen levels and difficulties on the CoinRun benchmark.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation learning methods, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2022RLogist: Fast Observation Strategy on Whole-slide Images with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 8
- 2026Clarify Before You Draw: Proactive Agents for Robust Text-to-CAD Generationcited by 7
- 2023Boosting Reinforcement Learning and Planning with Demonstrations: A Surveycited by 1
- 2026WorldBagel: Uncovering the Power of Unified Multimodal Models for Vision-Language-Action-World Modelingcited by 0
- 2026WorldBagel: Uncovering the Power of Unified Multimodal Models for Vision-Language-Action-World Modeling3 Jul 2026
- 2026Clarify Before You Draw: Proactive Agents for Robust Text-to-CAD Generation3 Feb 2026
- 2023Boosting Reinforcement Learning and Planning with Demonstrations: A Survey23 Mar 2023
- 2022RLogist: Fast Observation Strategy on Whole-slide Images with Deep Reinforcement Learning4 Dec 2022
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