mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Augmenting Policy Learning with Routines Discovered from a Single Demonstration

arXiv 2012.12469 ↗First posted 23 Dec 2020cs.LG cs.AI cs.SCcited by 4

On the map: Offline RL and imitation learning from data → Imitation learning methods

Abstract (arXiv)

Humans can abstract prior knowledge from very little data and use it to boost skill learning. In this paper, we propose routine-augmented policy learning (RAPL), which discovers routines composed of primitive actions from a single demonstration and uses discovered routines to augment policy learning. To discover routines from the demonstration, we first abstract routine candidates by identifying grammar over the demonstrated action trajectory. Then, the best routines measured by length and frequency are selected to form a routine library. We propose to learn policy simultaneously at primitive-level and routine-level with discovered routines, leveraging the temporal structure of routines. Our approach enables imitating expert behavior at multiple temporal scales for imitation learning and promotes reinforcement learning exploration. Extensive experiments on Atari games demonstrate that RAPL improves the state-of-the-art imitation learning method SQIL and reinforcement learning method A2C. Further, we show that discovered routines can generalize to unseen levels and difficulties on the CoinRun benchmark.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation learning methods, one of 13 directions in Offline RL and imitation learning from data. First posted on arXiv 23 Dec 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 0; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.

4 papers.

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  1. 2019Few-Shot Bayesian Imitation Learning with Logical Program Policies
  2. 2018Fast Policy Learning through Imitation and Reinforcement
  3. 2025Beyond-Expert Performance with Limited Demonstrations: Efficient Imitation Learning with Double Exploration
  4. 2019Reward-Conditioned Policies
  5. 2018Hierarchical Imitation and Reinforcement Learning
  6. 2018Truncated Horizon Policy Search: Combining Reinforcement Learning & Imitation Learning
  7. 2021Learning from Guided Play: A Scheduled Hierarchical Approach for Improving Exploration in Adversarial Imitation Learning
  8. 2023Active Policy Improvement from Multiple Black-box Oracles