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A Survey of Deep Learning Approaches for OCR and Document Understanding

arXiv 2011.13534 ↗First posted 27 Nov 2020cs.CL cs.CV cs.IRcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

Documents are a core part of many businesses in many fields such as law, finance, and technology among others. Automatic understanding of documents such as invoices, contracts, and resumes is lucrative, opening up many new avenues of business. The fields of natural language processing and computer vision have seen tremendous progress through the development of deep learning such that these methods have started to become infused in contemporary document understanding systems. In this survey paper, we review different techniques for document understanding for documents written in English and consolidate methodologies present in literature to act as a jumping-off point for researchers exploring this area.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Nov 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 4; 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 7.

32 papers.

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  1. 2022Towards Complex Document Understanding By Discrete Reasoningcited by 82
  2. 2024Document Parsing Unveiled: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects for Structured Information Extractioncited by 44
  3. 2024Deep Learning based Visually Rich Document Content Understanding: A Surveycited by 21
  4. 2025Towards Visual Text Grounding of Multimodal Large Language Modelcited by 18
  5. 2025Scaling Beyond Context: A Survey of Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Document Understandingcited by 9
  6. 2025Multimodal Large Language Models for Text-rich Image Understanding: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 8
  7. 2026Unlocking Multimodal Document Intelligence: From Current Triumphs to Future Frontiers of Visual Document Retrievalcited by 8
  8. 2024Transformers and Language Models in Form Understanding: A Comprehensive Review of Scanned Document Analysiscited by 6
  9. 2024Deep Learning based Key Information Extraction from Business Documents: Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 6
  10. 2022Detection Masking for Improved OCR on Noisy Documentscited by 5
  11. 2023Literature Review: Computer Vision Applications in Transportation Logistics and Warehousingcited by 5
  12. 2023Handwritten and Printed Text Segmentation: A Signature Case Studycited by 5
20 more
  1. 2021DeepCPCFG: Deep Learning and Context Free Grammars for End-to-End Information Extractioncited by 3
  2. 2024DocKD: Knowledge Distillation from LLMs for Open-World Document Understanding Modelscited by 3
  3. 2026Revise: A Framework for Revising OCRed text in Practical Information Systems with Data Contamination Strategycited by 3
  4. 2023Cleansing Jewel: A Neural Spelling Correction Model Built On Google OCR-ed Tibetan Manuscriptscited by 2
  5. 2023TransDocAnalyser: A Framework for Offline Semi-structured Handwritten Document Analysis in the Legal Domaincited by 2
  6. 2024Image-to-LaTeX Converter for Mathematical Formulas and Textcited by 2
  7. 2024Confidence-Aware Document OCR Error Detectioncited by 2
  8. 2024Leveraging Distillation Techniques for Document Understanding: A Case Study with FLAN-T5cited by 2
  9. 2024PerSRV: Personalized Sticker Retrieval with Vision-Language Modelcited by 1
  10. 2025Multi-Modal Vision vs. Text-Based Parsing: Benchmarking LLM Strategies for Invoice Processingcited by 1
  11. 2025DocReward: A Document Reward Model for Structuring and Stylizingcited by 1
  12. 2025Robustness of Structured Data Extraction from Perspectively Distorted Documentscited by 1
  13. 2026Q-Mask: Query-driven Causal Masks for Text Anchoring in OCR-Oriented Vision-Language Modelscited by 1
  14. 2024VORTEX: A Spatial Computing Framework for Optimized Drone Telemetry Extraction from First-Person View Flight Datacited by 0
  15. 2025A document is worth a structured record: Principled inductive bias design for document recognitioncited by 0
  16. 2025Finding Needles in Images: Can Multimodal LLMs Locate Fine Details?cited by 0
  17. 2026Structured Data Extraction from Real Estate Documents using Clustering, Classification, and Large Language Modelscited by 0
  18. 2026DocAttriBench: Benchmarking Answer Grounding in Document Visual Question Answeringcited by 0
  19. 2026Amnesia by Design, Memory By Necessity: Persistent State for Document Intelligencecited by 0
  20. 2026Xiaomi-OCR-0 Technical Reportcited by 0