An Evaluation Protocol for Generative Conversational Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
There is a multitude of novel generative models for open-domain conversational systems; however, there is no systematic evaluation of different systems. Systematic comparisons require consistency in experimental design, evaluation sets, conversational systems and their outputs, and statistical analysis. We lay out a protocol for the evaluation of conversational models using head-to-head pairwise comparison. We analyze ten recent models that claim state-of-the-art performance using a paired head-to-head performance (win-loss-tie) on five evaluation datasets. Our findings show that DialoGPT and Blender are superior systems using Bradley-Terry model and TrueSkill ranking methods. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of our protocol to evaluate conversational agents and evaluation sets. Finally, we make all code and evaluations publicly available for researchers to compare their model to other state-of-the-art dialog models.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 1.
9 papers.
- 2023LLM-Eval: Unified Multi-Dimensional Automatic Evaluation for Open-Domain Conversations with Large Language Modelscited by 100
- 2022Human Evaluation of Conversations is an Open Problem: comparing the sensitivity of various methods for evaluating dialogue agentscited by 62
- 2025Evaluating LLM-based Agents for Multi-Turn Conversations: A Surveycited by 56
- 2021Automatic Evaluation and Moderation of Open-domain Dialogue Systemscited by 28
- 2024Themis: A Reference-free NLG Evaluation Language Model with Flexibility and Interpretabilitycited by 19
- 2022Don't Forget Your ABC's: Evaluating the State-of-the-Art in Chat-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 9
- 2023Psychological Metrics for Dialog System Evaluationcited by 4
- 2022PoE: a Panel of Experts for Generalized Automatic Dialogue Assessmentcited by 3
- 2023Exploring the Impact of Human Evaluator Group on Chat-Oriented Dialogue Evaluationcited by 0
- 2025Evaluating LLM-based Agents for Multi-Turn Conversations: A Survey28 Mar 2025
- 2024Themis: A Reference-free NLG Evaluation Language Model with Flexibility and Interpretability26 Jun 2024
- 2023Exploring the Impact of Human Evaluator Group on Chat-Oriented Dialogue Evaluation14 Sep 2023
- 2023Psychological Metrics for Dialog System Evaluation24 May 2023
- 2023LLM-Eval: Unified Multi-Dimensional Automatic Evaluation for Open-Domain Conversations with Large Language Models23 May 2023
- 2022Don't Forget Your ABC's: Evaluating the State-of-the-Art in Chat-Oriented Dialogue Systems18 Dec 2022
- 2022PoE: a Panel of Experts for Generalized Automatic Dialogue Assessment18 Dec 2022
- 2022Human Evaluation of Conversations is an Open Problem: comparing the sensitivity of various methods for evaluating dialogue agents12 Jan 2022
- 2021Automatic Evaluation and Moderation of Open-domain Dialogue Systems3 Nov 2021