TDR-OBCA: A Reliable Planner for Autonomous Driving in Free-Space Environment

This paper presents an optimization-based collision avoidance trajectory generation method for autonomous driving in free-space environments, with enhanced robustness, driving comfort and efficiency. Starting from the hybrid optimization-based framework, we introduces two warm start methods, temporal and dual variable warm starts, to improve the efficiency. We also reformulate the problem to improve the robustness and efficiency. We name this new algorithm TDR-OBCA. With these changes, compared with original hybrid optimization we achieve a 96.67% failure rate decrease with respect to initial conditions, 13.53% increase in driving comforts and 3.33% to 44.82% increase in planner efficiency as obstacles number scales. We validate our results in hundreds of simulation scenarios and hundreds of hours of public road tests in both U.S. and China. Our source code is available at https://github.com/ApolloAuto/apollo.