mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A Survey on Data Pricing: from Economics to Data Science

arXiv 2009.04462 ↗First posted 9 Sep 2020econ.TH cs.AI cs.DBcited by 39

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Data are invaluable. How can we assess the value of data objectively, systematically and quantitatively? Pricing data, or information goods in general, has been studied and practiced in dispersed areas and principles, such as economics, marketing, electronic commerce, data management, data mining and machine learning. In this article, we present a unified, interdisciplinary and comprehensive overview of this important direction. We examine various motivations behind data pricing, understand the economics of data pricing and review the development and evolution of pricing models according to a series of fundamental principles. We discuss both digital products and data products. We also consider a series of challenges and directions for future work.

Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2020.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 5; 2023: 8; 2024: 11; 2025: 10; 2026: 3.

39 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2022Deep Regression Unlearningcited by 32
  2. 2021Improving Fairness for Data Valuation in Horizontal Federated Learningcited by 22
  3. 2022Fundamentals of Task-Agnostic Data Valuationcited by 19
  4. 2021Data Pricing in Machine Learning Pipelinescited by 18
  5. 2022Fair and efficient contribution valuation for vertical federated learningcited by 18
  6. 2022Variance reduced Shapley value estimation for trustworthy data valuationcited by 16
  7. 2025From Points to Coalitions: Hierarchical Contrastive Shapley Values for Prioritizing Data Samplescited by 12
  8. 2023Data Acquisition: A New Frontier in Data-centric AIcited by 9
  9. 2025Fairshare Data Pricing via Data Valuation for Large Language Modelscited by 8
  10. 2025ALinFiK: Learning to Approximate Linearized Future Influence Kernel for Scalable Third-Party LLM Data Valuationcited by 7
  11. 2023A Survey of Data Pricing for Data Marketplacescited by 6
  12. 2024Precedence-Constrained Winter Value for Effective Graph Data Valuationcited by 6
27 more
  1. 2023Proof-of-Contribution-Based Design for Collaborative Machine Learning on Blockchaincited by 5
  2. 2023GMValuator: Similarity-based Data Valuation for Generative Modelscited by 5
  3. 2023Addressing Budget Allocation and Revenue Allocation in Data Market Environments Using an Adaptive Sampling Algorithmcited by 5
  4. 2024A Survey on Contribution Evaluation in Vertical Federated Learningcited by 5
  5. 2023Equilibrium of Data Markets with Externalitycited by 3
  6. 2023Incentivized Communication for Federated Banditscited by 3
  7. 2024An Auction-based Marketplace for Model Trading in Federated Learningcited by 2
  8. 2024Incentivized Truthful Communication for Federated Banditscited by 2
  9. 2024Provable Mutual Benefits from Federated Learning in Privacy-Sensitive Domainscited by 2
  10. 2024Uncertainty Quantification of Data Shapley via Statistical Inferencecited by 2
  11. 2024Disentangled Structural and Featural Representation for Task-Agnostic Graph Valuationcited by 2
  12. 2024A Comprehensive Study of Shapley Value in Data Analyticscited by 2
  13. 2022IPProtect: protecting the intellectual property of visual datasets during data valuationcited by 1
  14. 2024Is Data Valuation Learnable and Interpretable?cited by 1
  15. 2025Learn then Decide: A Learning Approach for Designing Data Marketplacescited by 1
  16. 2025Shapley-Guided Utility Learning for Effective Graph Inference Data Valuationcited by 1
  17. 2025How to Purchase Labels? A Cost-Effective Approach Using Active Learning Marketscited by 1
  18. 2026Challenges in Enabling Private Data Valuationcited by 1
  19. 2026Local Shapley: Model-Induced Locality and Optimal Reuse in Data Valuationcited by 1
  20. 2023Shapley Value on Probabilistic Classifierscited by 0
  21. 2024A Bargaining-based Approach for Feature Trading in Vertical Federated Learningcited by 0
  22. 2024Pricing Strategies for Different Accuracy Models from the Same Dataset Based on Generalized Hotelling's Lawcited by 0
  23. 2025Strategic Prompt Pricing for AIGC Services: A User-Centric Approachcited by 0
  24. 2025TripleWin: Fixed-Point Equilibrium Pricing for Data-Model Coupled Marketscited by 0
  25. 2025Error Estimate and Convergence Analysis for Data Valuationcited by 0
  26. 2025Reliable and Private Utility Signaling for Data Marketscited by 0
  27. 2026Two-Stage Data Synthesization: A Statistics-Driven Restricted Trade-off between Privacy and Predictioncited by 0