mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Quantum Long Short-Term Memory

arXiv 2009.01783 ↗First posted 3 Sep 2020quant-ph cs.LGcited by 118

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Abstract (arXiv)

Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a kind of recurrent neural networks (RNN) for sequence and temporal dependency data modeling and its effectiveness has been extensively established. In this work, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical model of LSTM, which we dub QLSTM. We demonstrate that the proposed model successfully learns several kinds of temporal data. In particular, we show that for certain testing cases, this quantum version of LSTM converges faster, or equivalently, reaches a better accuracy, than its classical counterpart. Due to the variational nature of our approach, the requirements on qubit counts and circuit depth are eased, and our work thus paves the way toward implementing machine learning algorithms for sequence modeling on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.

Key facts. Cited by 118 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Sep 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 10; 2023: 16; 2024: 20; 2025: 36; 2026: 26.

118 papers.

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  1. 2021Federated Quantum Machine Learningcited by 82
  2. 2021The Dawn of Quantum Natural Language Processingcited by 60
  3. 2021Quantum Architecture Search via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 58
  4. 2021Variational Quantum Reinforcement Learning via Evolutionary Optimizationcited by 50
  5. 2022Quantum Self-Attention Neural Networks for Text Classificationcited by 42
  6. 2021Quantum machine learning with differential privacycited by 30
  7. 2022PQLM -- Multilingual Decentralized Portable Quantum Language Model for Privacy Protectioncited by 26
  8. 2023Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks for Sequential Learningcited by 24
  9. 2022Quantum deep recurrent reinforcement learningcited by 23
  10. 2023Applying QNLP to sentiment analysis in financecited by 23
  11. 2024Learning to Program Variational Quantum Circuits with Fast Weightscited by 23
  12. 2021Quantum Architecture Search via Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 22
38 more
  1. 2021Hybrid Quantum-Classical Graph Convolutional Networkcited by 21
  2. 2023Asynchronous training of quantum reinforcement learningcited by 20
  3. 2023Towards Quantum Federated Learningcited by 20
  4. 2023Federated Quantum Machine Learning with Differential Privacycited by 17
  5. 2024Quantum Kernel-Based Long Short-term Memory for Climate Time-Series Forecastingcited by 17
  6. 2023Quantum Long Short-Term Memory (QLSTM) vs Classical LSTM in Time Series Forecasting: A Comparative Study in Solar Power Forecastingcited by 15
  7. 2023Federated Quantum Long Short-term Memory (FedQLSTM)cited by 15
  8. 2025Learning to Measure Quantum Neural Networkscited by 15
  9. 2022Reservoir Computing via Quantum Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 14
  10. 2023Efficient quantum recurrent reinforcement learning via quantum reservoir computingcited by 14
  11. 2024Quantum-Train-Based Distributed Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
  12. 2025Toward Large-Scale Distributed Quantum Long Short-Term Memory with Modular Quantum Computerscited by 14
  13. 2025Quantum Adaptive Self-Attention for Quantum Transformer Modelscited by 14
  14. 2022Rapid training of quantum recurrent neural networkscited by 13
  15. 2024Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search in Asynchronous Quantum Reinforcement Learningcited by 13
  16. 2024Quantum Machine Learning Architecture Search via Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 12
  17. 2024Quantum-Trained Convolutional Neural Network for Deepfake Audio Detectioncited by 12
  18. 2021Exploration of Quantum Neural Architecture by Mixing Quantum Neuron Designscited by 11
  19. 2024Quantum Mixed-State Self-Attention Networkcited by 11
  20. 2024Quantum Kernel-Based Long Short-term Memorycited by 11
  21. 2022Quantum Natural Language Generation on Near-Term Devicescited by 10
  22. 2024Quantum Visual Feature Encoding Revisitedcited by 10
  23. 2024Quantum Gradient Class Activation Map for Model Interpretabilitycited by 9
  24. 2024Evolutionary Optimization for Designing Variational Quantum Circuits with High Model Capacitycited by 9
  25. 2024ViOCRVQA: Novel Benchmark Dataset and Vision Reader for Visual Question Answering by Understanding Vietnamese Text in Imagescited by 8
  26. 2025QKAN-LSTM: Quantum-inspired Kolmogorov-Arnold Long Short-term Memorycited by 8
  27. 2021Quantum Machine Learning for Financecited by 7
  28. 2023Photovoltaic power forecasting using quantum machine learningcited by 7
  29. 2024An Introduction to Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL)cited by 7
  30. 2025HQViT: Hybrid Quantum Vision Transformer for Image Classificationcited by 7
  31. 2025Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search in Quantum-Enhanced Neural Network Parameter Generationcited by 7
  32. 2025Learning to Program Quantum Measurements for Machine Learningcited by 7
  33. 2025A Privacy-Preserving Federated Framework with Hybrid Quantum-Enhanced Learning for Financial Fraud Detectioncited by 7
  34. 2023Automated Vulnerability Detection in Source Code Using Quantum Natural Language Processingcited by 6
  35. 2025PennyCoder: Efficient Domain-Specific LLMs for PennyLane-Based Quantum Code Generationcited by 6
  36. 2023Shot Optimization in Quantum Machine Learning Architectures to Accelerate Trainingcited by 5
  37. 2025Benchmarking Quantum and Classical Sequential Models for Urban Telecommunication Forecastingcited by 5
  38. 2023QTrojan: A Circuit Backdoor Against Quantum Neural Networkscited by 4

50 most cited of 118 All 118 (JSON)