GREEK-BERT: The Greeks visiting Sesame Street
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Abstract (arXiv)
Transformer-based language models, such as BERT and its variants, have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks on generic benchmark datasets (e.g., GLUE, SQUAD, RACE). However, these models have mostly been applied to the resource-rich English language. In this paper, we present GREEK-BERT, a monolingual BERT-based language model for modern Greek. We evaluate its performance in three NLP tasks, i.e., part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, and natural language inference, obtaining state-of-the-art performance. Interestingly, in two of the benchmarks GREEK-BERT outperforms two multilingual Transformer-based models (M-BERT, XLM-R), as well as shallower neural baselines operating on pre-trained word embeddings, by a large margin (5%-10%). Most importantly, we make both GREEK-BERT and our training code publicly available, along with code illustrating how GREEK-BERT can be fine-tuned for downstream NLP tasks. We expect these resources to boost NLP research and applications for modern Greek.
Key facts. Cited by 37 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 10; 2022: 8; 2023: 7; 2024: 7; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
37 papers.
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- 2021Quality at a Glance: An Audit of Web-Crawled Multilingual Datasetscited by 241
- 2021MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfercited by 89
- 2023LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domaincited by 68
- 2021Let's Play Mono-Poly: BERT Can Reveal Words' Polysemy Level and Partitionability into Sensescited by 39
- 2022KinyaBERT: a Morphology-aware Kinyarwanda Language Modelcited by 27
- 2021Large-Scale Contextualised Language Modelling for Norwegiancited by 21
- 2021Multi-granular Legal Topic Classification on Greek Legislationcited by 15
- 2023Bringing order into the realm of Transformer-based language models for artificial intelligence and lawcited by 13
- 2022SsciBERT: A Pre-trained Language Model for Social Science Textscited by 12
- 2021SlovakBERT: Slovak Masked Language Modelcited by 11
- 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Classical Philologycited by 10
- 2023GreekBART: The First Pretrained Greek Sequence-to-Sequence Modelcited by 8
25 more
- 2021Bertinho: Galician BERT Representationscited by 7
- 2024Don't Touch My Diacriticscited by 7
- 2021Scalar Adjective Identification and Multilingual Rankingcited by 6
- 2021PyEuroVoc: A Tool for Multilingual Legal Document Classification with EuroVoc Descriptorscited by 6
- 2022An Analysis of Social Biases Present in BERT Variants Across Multiple Languagescited by 6
- 2023Exploring Linguistic Properties of Monolingual BERTs with Typological Classification among Languagescited by 6
- 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for European Languagescited by 6
- 2026Zero-shot Large Language Models for Automatic Readability Assessmentcited by 3
- 2022Sort by Structure: Language Model Ranking as Dependency Probingcited by 2
- 2022Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer for Clinical Phenotypingcited by 2
- 2023GreekT5: A Series of Greek Sequence-to-Sequence Models for News Summarizationcited by 2
- 2025Dialect Normalization using Large Language Models and Morphological Rulescited by 2
- 2021Linguistic Cues of Deception in a Multilingual April Fools' Day Contextcited by 1
- 2022Multilingual Name Entity Recognition and Intent Classification Employing Deep Learning Architecturescited by 1
- 2023OYXOY: A Modern NLP Test Suite for Modern Greekcited by 1
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Natural Language Processing for the Greek Languagecited by 1
- 2025Forging GEMs: Advancing Greek NLP through Quality-Based Corpus Curationcited by 1
- 2022Analysing the Greek Parliament Records with Emotion Classificationcited by 0
- 2022Multilingual BERT has an accent: Evaluating English influences on fluency in multilingual modelscited by 0
- 2024FarFetched: Entity-centric Reasoning and Claim Validation for the Greek Language based on Textually Represented Environmentscited by 0
- 2024A Multi-Task Text Classification Pipeline with Natural Language Explanations: A User-Centric Evaluation in Sentiment Analysis and Offensive Language Identification in Greek Tweetscited by 0
- 2024The Large Language Model GreekLegalRoBERTacited by 0
- 2024GR-NLP-TOOLKIT: An Open-Source NLP Toolkit for Modern Greekcited by 0
- 2026ORPHEAS: A Cross-Lingual Greek-English Embedding Model for Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2026Svarna: An Open Corpus Workbench for Modern Greekcited by 0
- 2026Svarna: An Open Corpus Workbench for Modern Greek1 Jul 2026
- 2026Zero-shot Large Language Models for Automatic Readability Assessment27 Apr 2026
- 2026ORPHEAS: A Cross-Lingual Greek-English Embedding Model for Retrieval-Augmented Generation22 Apr 2026
- 2025Forging GEMs: Advancing Greek NLP through Quality-Based Corpus Curation22 Oct 2025
- 2025Dialect Normalization using Large Language Models and Morphological Rules10 Jun 2025
- 2024GR-NLP-TOOLKIT: An Open-Source NLP Toolkit for Modern Greek11 Dec 2024
- 2024Don't Touch My Diacritics31 Oct 2024
- 2024A Multi-Task Text Classification Pipeline with Natural Language Explanations: A User-Centric Evaluation in Sentiment Analysis and Offensive Language Identification in Greek Tweets14 Oct 2024
- 2024The Large Language Model GreekLegalRoBERTa10 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for European Languages27 Aug 2024
- 2024FarFetched: Entity-centric Reasoning and Claim Validation for the Greek Language based on Textually Represented Environments13 Jul 2024
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Natural Language Processing for the Greek Language13 Jul 2024
25 more
- 2023GreekT5: A Series of Greek Sequence-to-Sequence Models for News Summarization13 Nov 2023
- 2023OYXOY: A Modern NLP Test Suite for Modern Greek13 Sep 2023
- 2023Bringing order into the realm of Transformer-based language models for artificial intelligence and law10 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Classical Philology23 May 2023
- 2023Exploring Linguistic Properties of Monolingual BERTs with Typological Classification among Languages3 May 2023
- 2023GreekBART: The First Pretrained Greek Sequence-to-Sequence Model3 Apr 2023
- 2023LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domain30 Jan 2023
- 2022An Analysis of Social Biases Present in BERT Variants Across Multiple Languages25 Nov 2022
- 2022Multilingual Name Entity Recognition and Intent Classification Employing Deep Learning Architectures4 Nov 2022
- 2022Multilingual BERT has an accent: Evaluating English influences on fluency in multilingual models11 Oct 2022
- 2022Cross-Lingual Knowledge Transfer for Clinical Phenotyping3 Aug 2022
- 2022Sort by Structure: Language Model Ranking as Dependency Probing10 Jun 2022
- 2022SsciBERT: A Pre-trained Language Model for Social Science Texts9 Jun 2022
- 2022Analysing the Greek Parliament Records with Emotion Classification24 May 2022
- 2022KinyaBERT: a Morphology-aware Kinyarwanda Language Model16 Mar 2022
- 2021Linguistic Cues of Deception in a Multilingual April Fools' Day Context6 Nov 2021
- 2021Multi-granular Legal Topic Classification on Greek Legislation30 Sep 2021
- 2021SlovakBERT: Slovak Masked Language Model30 Sep 2021
- 2021MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer2 Sep 2021
- 2021PyEuroVoc: A Tool for Multilingual Legal Document Classification with EuroVoc Descriptors2 Aug 2021
- 2021Scalar Adjective Identification and Multilingual Ranking3 May 2021
- 2021Let's Play Mono-Poly: BERT Can Reveal Words' Polysemy Level and Partitionability into Senses29 Apr 2021
- 2021Large-Scale Contextualised Language Modelling for Norwegian13 Apr 2021
- 2021Bertinho: Galician BERT Representations25 Mar 2021
- 2021Quality at a Glance: An Audit of Web-Crawled Multilingual Datasets22 Mar 2021
- 2021Quality at a Glance: An Audit of Web-Crawled Multilingual Datasetscited by 241
- 2021MultiEURLEX -- A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfercited by 89
- 2023LEXTREME: A Multi-Lingual and Multi-Task Benchmark for the Legal Domaincited by 68
- 2021Let's Play Mono-Poly: BERT Can Reveal Words' Polysemy Level and Partitionability into Sensescited by 39
- 2022KinyaBERT: a Morphology-aware Kinyarwanda Language Modelcited by 27
- 2021Large-Scale Contextualised Language Modelling for Norwegiancited by 21
- 2021Multi-granular Legal Topic Classification on Greek Legislationcited by 15
- 2023Bringing order into the realm of Transformer-based language models for artificial intelligence and lawcited by 13
- 2022SsciBERT: A Pre-trained Language Model for Social Science Textscited by 12
- 2021SlovakBERT: Slovak Masked Language Modelcited by 11
- 2023Exploring Large Language Models for Classical Philologycited by 10
- 2023GreekBART: The First Pretrained Greek Sequence-to-Sequence Modelcited by 8
12 most cited of 36 All 36 (JSON)
- 2026Svarna: An Open Corpus Workbench for Modern Greek1 Jul 2026
- 2026Zero-shot Large Language Models for Automatic Readability Assessment27 Apr 2026
- 2025Forging GEMs: Advancing Greek NLP through Quality-Based Corpus Curation22 Oct 2025
- 2025Dialect Normalization using Large Language Models and Morphological Rules10 Jun 2025
- 2024GR-NLP-TOOLKIT: An Open-Source NLP Toolkit for Modern Greek11 Dec 2024
- 2024Don't Touch My Diacritics31 Oct 2024
- 2024A Multi-Task Text Classification Pipeline with Natural Language Explanations: A User-Centric Evaluation in Sentiment Analysis and Offensive Language Identification in Greek Tweets14 Oct 2024
- 2024The Large Language Model GreekLegalRoBERTa10 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey of Large Language Models for European Languages27 Aug 2024
- 2024FarFetched: Entity-centric Reasoning and Claim Validation for the Greek Language based on Textually Represented Environments13 Jul 2024
- 2024A Systematic Survey of Natural Language Processing for the Greek Language13 Jul 2024
- 2023GreekT5: A Series of Greek Sequence-to-Sequence Models for News Summarization13 Nov 2023
12 newest of 36 All 36 (JSON)