Machine-learned Regularization and Polygonization of Building Segmentation Masks
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a machine learning based approach for automatic regularization and polygonization of building segmentation masks. Taking an image as input, we first predict building segmentation maps exploiting generic fully convolutional network (FCN). A generative adversarial network (GAN) is then involved to perform a regularization of building boundaries to make them more realistic, i.e., having more rectilinear outlines which construct right angles if required. This is achieved through the interplay between the discriminator which gives a probability of input image being true and generator that learns from discriminator's response to create more realistic images. Finally, we train the backbone convolutional neural network (CNN) which is adapted to predict sparse outcomes corresponding to building corners out of regularized building segmentation results. Experiments on three building segmentation datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is not only capable of obtaining accurate results, but also of producing visually pleasing building outlines parameterized as polygons.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Jul 2020.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 5; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
22 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021PolyWorld: Polygonal Building Extraction with Graph Neural Networks in Satellite Imagescited by 42
- 20243D Building Reconstruction from Monocular Remote Sensing Images with Multi-level Supervisionscited by 12
- 2022BuildMapper: A Fully Learnable Framework for Vectorized Building Contour Extractioncited by 11
- 2021A Semantic Segmentation Network for Urban-Scale Building Footprint Extraction Using RGB Satellite Imagerycited by 9
- 2021Machine-learned 3D Building Vectorization from Satellite Imagerycited by 9
- 2022Accurate Polygonal Mapping of Buildings in Satellite Imagerycited by 7
- 2024Pix2Poly: A Sequence Prediction Method for End-to-end Polygonal Building Footprint Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 7
- 2023HiT: Building Mapping with Hierarchical Transformerscited by 6
- 2024PolyR-CNN: R-CNN for end-to-end polygonal building outline extractioncited by 6
- 2024P2PFormer: A Primitive-to-polygon Method for Regular Building Contour Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagescited by 5
- 2023Data Leakage Detection and De-duplication in Large Scale Geospatial Image Datasetscited by 4
- 2022PolyBuilding: Polygon Transformer for End-to-End Building Extractioncited by 3
10 more
- 2023Building Footprint Extraction in Dense Areas using Super Resolution and Frame Field Learningcited by 3
- 2025LDPoly: Latent Diffusion for Polygonal Road Outline Extraction in Large-Scale Topographic Mappingcited by 3
- 2024PolyFootNet: Extracting Polygonal Building Footprints in Off-Nadir Remote Sensing Imagescited by 2
- 2021Uncertainty, Edge, and Reverse-Attention Guided Generative Adversarial Network for Automatic Building Detection in Remotely Sensed Imagescited by 1
- 2022Transformers For Recognition In Overhead Imagery: A Reality Checkcited by 1
- 2023BiSVP: Building Footprint Extraction via Bidirectional Serialized Vertex Predictioncited by 1
- 2024GeoFormer: A Multi-Polygon Segmentation Transformercited by 1
- 2025Unit Region Encoding: A Unified and Compact Geometry-aware Representation for Floorplan Applicationscited by 1
- 2022Primitive Graph Learning for Unified Vector Mappingcited by 0
- 2026PolyTopoBench: A Benchmark for Complex Vector Polygon Generation from Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 0
- 2026PolyTopoBench: A Benchmark for Complex Vector Polygon Generation from Remote Sensing Imagery26 Sep 2026
- 2025LDPoly: Latent Diffusion for Polygonal Road Outline Extraction in Large-Scale Topographic Mapping29 Apr 2025
- 2025Unit Region Encoding: A Unified and Compact Geometry-aware Representation for Floorplan Applications19 Jan 2025
- 2024Pix2Poly: A Sequence Prediction Method for End-to-end Polygonal Building Footprint Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagery10 Dec 2024
- 2024GeoFormer: A Multi-Polygon Segmentation Transformer25 Nov 2024
- 2024PolyFootNet: Extracting Polygonal Building Footprints in Off-Nadir Remote Sensing Images16 Aug 2024
- 2024PolyR-CNN: R-CNN for end-to-end polygonal building outline extraction20 Jul 2024
- 2024P2PFormer: A Primitive-to-polygon Method for Regular Building Contour Extraction from Remote Sensing Images5 Jun 2024
- 20243D Building Reconstruction from Monocular Remote Sensing Images with Multi-level Supervisions7 Apr 2024
- 2023HiT: Building Mapping with Hierarchical Transformers18 Sep 2023
- 2023Building Footprint Extraction in Dense Areas using Super Resolution and Frame Field Learning4 Sep 2023
- 2023Data Leakage Detection and De-duplication in Large Scale Geospatial Image Datasets5 Apr 2023
10 more
- 2023BiSVP: Building Footprint Extraction via Bidirectional Serialized Vertex Prediction1 Mar 2023
- 2022BuildMapper: A Fully Learnable Framework for Vectorized Building Contour Extraction7 Nov 2022
- 2022PolyBuilding: Polygon Transformer for End-to-End Building Extraction3 Nov 2022
- 2022Transformers For Recognition In Overhead Imagery: A Reality Check23 Oct 2022
- 2022Accurate Polygonal Mapping of Buildings in Satellite Imagery1 Aug 2022
- 2022Primitive Graph Learning for Unified Vector Mapping28 Jun 2022
- 2021Uncertainty, Edge, and Reverse-Attention Guided Generative Adversarial Network for Automatic Building Detection in Remotely Sensed Images10 Dec 2021
- 2021PolyWorld: Polygonal Building Extraction with Graph Neural Networks in Satellite Images30 Nov 2021
- 2021Machine-learned 3D Building Vectorization from Satellite Imagery13 Apr 2021
- 2021A Semantic Segmentation Network for Urban-Scale Building Footprint Extraction Using RGB Satellite Imagery2 Apr 2021
- 2021PolyWorld: Polygonal Building Extraction with Graph Neural Networks in Satellite Imagescited by 42
- 20243D Building Reconstruction from Monocular Remote Sensing Images with Multi-level Supervisionscited by 12
- 2022BuildMapper: A Fully Learnable Framework for Vectorized Building Contour Extractioncited by 11
- 2021A Semantic Segmentation Network for Urban-Scale Building Footprint Extraction Using RGB Satellite Imagerycited by 9
- 2021Machine-learned 3D Building Vectorization from Satellite Imagerycited by 9
- 2022Accurate Polygonal Mapping of Buildings in Satellite Imagerycited by 7
- 2024Pix2Poly: A Sequence Prediction Method for End-to-end Polygonal Building Footprint Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 7
- 2023HiT: Building Mapping with Hierarchical Transformerscited by 6
- 2024PolyR-CNN: R-CNN for end-to-end polygonal building outline extractioncited by 6
- 2024P2PFormer: A Primitive-to-polygon Method for Regular Building Contour Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagescited by 5
- 2023Data Leakage Detection and De-duplication in Large Scale Geospatial Image Datasetscited by 4
- 2022PolyBuilding: Polygon Transformer for End-to-End Building Extractioncited by 3
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026PolyTopoBench: A Benchmark for Complex Vector Polygon Generation from Remote Sensing Imagery26 Sep 2026
- 2025Unit Region Encoding: A Unified and Compact Geometry-aware Representation for Floorplan Applications19 Jan 2025
- 2024Pix2Poly: A Sequence Prediction Method for End-to-end Polygonal Building Footprint Extraction from Remote Sensing Imagery10 Dec 2024
- 2024GeoFormer: A Multi-Polygon Segmentation Transformer25 Nov 2024
- 2024PolyFootNet: Extracting Polygonal Building Footprints in Off-Nadir Remote Sensing Images16 Aug 2024
- 2024PolyR-CNN: R-CNN for end-to-end polygonal building outline extraction20 Jul 2024
- 2024P2PFormer: A Primitive-to-polygon Method for Regular Building Contour Extraction from Remote Sensing Images5 Jun 2024
- 20243D Building Reconstruction from Monocular Remote Sensing Images with Multi-level Supervisions7 Apr 2024
- 2023HiT: Building Mapping with Hierarchical Transformers18 Sep 2023
- 2023Building Footprint Extraction in Dense Areas using Super Resolution and Frame Field Learning4 Sep 2023
- 2023Data Leakage Detection and De-duplication in Large Scale Geospatial Image Datasets5 Apr 2023
- 2023BiSVP: Building Footprint Extraction via Bidirectional Serialized Vertex Prediction1 Mar 2023
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)