A Multilingual Parallel Corpora Collection Effort for Indian Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present sentence aligned parallel corpora across 10 Indian Languages - Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Gujarati, Urdu, Bengali, Oriya, Marathi, Punjabi, and English - many of which are categorized as low resource. The corpora are compiled from online sources which have content shared across languages. The corpora presented significantly extends present resources that are either not large enough or are restricted to a specific domain (such as health). We also provide a separate test corpus compiled from an independent online source that can be independently used for validating the performance in 10 Indian languages. Alongside, we report on the methods of constructing such corpora using tools enabled by recent advances in machine translation and cross-lingual retrieval using deep neural network based methods.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
16 papers.
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- 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Datasetcited by 148
- 2021Samanantar: The Largest Publicly Available Parallel Corpora Collection for 11 Indic Languagescited by 133
- 2021Survey of Low-Resource Machine Translationcited by 92
- 2024IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languagescited by 52
- 2021IndicBART: A Pre-trained Model for Indic Natural Language Generationcited by 39
- 2021Debiasing Multilingual Word Embeddings: A Case Study of Three Indian Languagescited by 8
- 2022Improving Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System for Indic Languagescited by 6
- 2023MILPaC: A Novel Benchmark for Evaluating Translation of Legal Text to Indian Languagescited by 4
- 2021Using Machine Translation to Localize Task Oriented NLG Outputcited by 1
- 2022An Overview of Indian Language Datasets used for Text Summarizationcited by 1
- 2024Pralekha: Cross-Lingual Document Alignment for Indic Languagescited by 1
- 2025Leveraging the Cross-Domain & Cross-Linguistic Corpus for Low Resource NMT: A Case Study On Bhili-Hindi-English Parallel Corpuscited by 1
4 more
- 2024A Review of the Marathi Natural Language Processingcited by 0
- 2025CorIL: Towards Enriching Indian Language to Indian Language Parallel Corpora and Machine Translation Systemscited by 0
- 2025From Scratch to Fine-Tuned: A Comparative Study of Transformer Training Strategies for Legal Machine Translationcited by 0
- 2026BhashaSetu: A Data-Centric Approach to Low-Resource Machine Translationcited by 0
- 2026BhashaSetu: A Data-Centric Approach to Low-Resource Machine Translation26 May 2026
- 2025From Scratch to Fine-Tuned: A Comparative Study of Transformer Training Strategies for Legal Machine Translation21 Dec 2025
- 2025Leveraging the Cross-Domain & Cross-Linguistic Corpus for Low Resource NMT: A Case Study On Bhili-Hindi-English Parallel Corpus1 Nov 2025
- 2025CorIL: Towards Enriching Indian Language to Indian Language Parallel Corpora and Machine Translation Systems24 Sep 2025
- 2024A Review of the Marathi Natural Language Processing20 Dec 2024
- 2024Pralekha: Cross-Lingual Document Alignment for Indic Languages28 Nov 2024
- 2024IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languages11 Mar 2024
- 2023MILPaC: A Novel Benchmark for Evaluating Translation of Legal Text to Indian Languages15 Oct 2023
- 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Dataset7 Mar 2023
- 2022Improving Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System for Indic Languages27 Sep 2022
- 2022An Overview of Indian Language Datasets used for Text Summarization30 Mar 2022
- 2021IndicBART: A Pre-trained Model for Indic Natural Language Generation7 Sep 2021
4 more
- 2021Survey of Low-Resource Machine Translation1 Sep 2021
- 2021Debiasing Multilingual Word Embeddings: A Case Study of Three Indian Languages21 Jul 2021
- 2021Using Machine Translation to Localize Task Oriented NLG Output9 Jul 2021
- 2021Samanantar: The Largest Publicly Available Parallel Corpora Collection for 11 Indic Languages12 Apr 2021
- 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Datasetcited by 148
- 2021Samanantar: The Largest Publicly Available Parallel Corpora Collection for 11 Indic Languagescited by 133
- 2021Survey of Low-Resource Machine Translationcited by 92
- 2024IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languagescited by 52
- 2021IndicBART: A Pre-trained Model for Indic Natural Language Generationcited by 39
- 2021Debiasing Multilingual Word Embeddings: A Case Study of Three Indian Languagescited by 8
- 2022Improving Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System for Indic Languagescited by 6
- 2023MILPaC: A Novel Benchmark for Evaluating Translation of Legal Text to Indian Languagescited by 4
- 2021Using Machine Translation to Localize Task Oriented NLG Outputcited by 1
- 2022An Overview of Indian Language Datasets used for Text Summarizationcited by 1
- 2024Pralekha: Cross-Lingual Document Alignment for Indic Languagescited by 1
- 2025Leveraging the Cross-Domain & Cross-Linguistic Corpus for Low Resource NMT: A Case Study On Bhili-Hindi-English Parallel Corpuscited by 1
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026BhashaSetu: A Data-Centric Approach to Low-Resource Machine Translation26 May 2026
- 2025From Scratch to Fine-Tuned: A Comparative Study of Transformer Training Strategies for Legal Machine Translation21 Dec 2025
- 2025Leveraging the Cross-Domain & Cross-Linguistic Corpus for Low Resource NMT: A Case Study On Bhili-Hindi-English Parallel Corpus1 Nov 2025
- 2025CorIL: Towards Enriching Indian Language to Indian Language Parallel Corpora and Machine Translation Systems24 Sep 2025
- 2024A Review of the Marathi Natural Language Processing20 Dec 2024
- 2024Pralekha: Cross-Lingual Document Alignment for Indic Languages28 Nov 2024
- 2024IndicLLMSuite: A Blueprint for Creating Pre-training and Fine-Tuning Datasets for Indian Languages11 Mar 2024
- 2023MILPaC: A Novel Benchmark for Evaluating Translation of Legal Text to Indian Languages15 Oct 2023
- 2023The BigScience ROOTS Corpus: A 1.6TB Composite Multilingual Dataset7 Mar 2023
- 2022Improving Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System for Indic Languages27 Sep 2022
- 2022An Overview of Indian Language Datasets used for Text Summarization30 Mar 2022
- 2021IndicBART: A Pre-trained Model for Indic Natural Language Generation7 Sep 2021
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)