Scalable Backdoor Detection in Neural Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, it has been shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to Trojan attacks, where an attacker can install a backdoor during training time to make the resultant model misidentify samples contaminated with a small trigger patch. Current backdoor detection methods fail to achieve good detection performance and are computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a novel trigger reverse-engineering based approach whose computational complexity does not scale with the number of labels, and is based on a measure that is both interpretable and universal across different network and patch types. In experiments, we observe that our method achieves a perfect score in separating Trojaned models from pure models, which is an improvement over the current state-of-the art method.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 6; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
15 papers.
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- 2021Black-box Detection of Backdoor Attacks with Limited Information and Datacited by 71
- 2022Fine-mixing: Mitigating Backdoors in Fine-tuned Language Modelscited by 50
- 2021How to Inject Backdoors with Better Consistency: Logit Anchoring on Clean Datacited by 22
- 2022Backdoor Attack and Defense in Federated Generative Adversarial Network-based Medical Image Synthesiscited by 12
- 2022Backdoor Attacks on Time Series: A Generative Approachcited by 10
- 2022Dim-Krum: Backdoor-Resistant Federated Learning for NLP with Dimension-wise Krum-Based Aggregationcited by 8
- 2022Towards Effective and Robust Neural Trojan Defenses via Input Filteringcited by 7
- 2023Exploiting Machine Unlearning for Backdoor Attacks in Deep Learning Systemcited by 4
- 2024Unified Neural Backdoor Removal with Only Few Clean Samples through Unlearning and Relearningcited by 4
- 2021Semantic Host-free Trojan Attackcited by 1
- 2022Defense Against Multi-target Trojan Attackscited by 1
- 2025Identifying Physically Realizable Triggers for Backdoored Face Recognition Networkscited by 1
- 2026In Transformer We Trust? A Perspective on Transformer Architecture Failure Modes15 Feb 2026
- 2025Identifying Physically Realizable Triggers for Backdoored Face Recognition Networks24 Jun 2025
- 2024Composite Concept Extraction through Backdooring19 Jun 2024
- 2024Unified Neural Backdoor Removal with Only Few Clean Samples through Unlearning and Relearning23 May 2024
- 2023Exploiting Machine Unlearning for Backdoor Attacks in Deep Learning System12 Sep 2023
- 2023A Data-Driven Defense against Edge-case Model Poisoning Attacks on Federated Learning3 May 2023
- 2022Backdoor Attacks on Time Series: A Generative Approach15 Nov 2022
- 2022Backdoor Attack and Defense in Federated Generative Adversarial Network-based Medical Image Synthesis19 Oct 2022
- 2022Fine-mixing: Mitigating Backdoors in Fine-tuned Language Models18 Oct 2022
- 2022Dim-Krum: Backdoor-Resistant Federated Learning for NLP with Dimension-wise Krum-Based Aggregation13 Oct 2022
- 2022Defense Against Multi-target Trojan Attacks8 Jul 2022
- 2022Towards Effective and Robust Neural Trojan Defenses via Input Filtering24 Feb 2022
3 more
- 2022Fine-mixing: Mitigating Backdoors in Fine-tuned Language Modelscited by 50
- 2022Backdoor Attack and Defense in Federated Generative Adversarial Network-based Medical Image Synthesiscited by 12
- 2022Backdoor Attacks on Time Series: A Generative Approachcited by 10
- 2022Dim-Krum: Backdoor-Resistant Federated Learning for NLP with Dimension-wise Krum-Based Aggregationcited by 8
- 2022Backdoor Attacks on Time Series: A Generative Approach15 Nov 2022
- 2022Backdoor Attack and Defense in Federated Generative Adversarial Network-based Medical Image Synthesis19 Oct 2022
- 2022Fine-mixing: Mitigating Backdoors in Fine-tuned Language Models18 Oct 2022
- 2022Dim-Krum: Backdoor-Resistant Federated Learning for NLP with Dimension-wise Krum-Based Aggregation13 Oct 2022
- 2021Black-box Detection of Backdoor Attacks with Limited Information and Datacited by 71
- 2021How to Inject Backdoors with Better Consistency: Logit Anchoring on Clean Datacited by 22
- 2022Towards Effective and Robust Neural Trojan Defenses via Input Filteringcited by 7
- 2023Exploiting Machine Unlearning for Backdoor Attacks in Deep Learning Systemcited by 4
- 2024Unified Neural Backdoor Removal with Only Few Clean Samples through Unlearning and Relearningcited by 4
- 2021Semantic Host-free Trojan Attackcited by 1
- 2022Defense Against Multi-target Trojan Attackscited by 1
- 2025Identifying Physically Realizable Triggers for Backdoored Face Recognition Networkscited by 1
- 2026In Transformer We Trust? A Perspective on Transformer Architecture Failure Modescited by 1
- 2023A Data-Driven Defense against Edge-case Model Poisoning Attacks on Federated Learningcited by 0
- 2024Composite Concept Extraction through Backdooringcited by 0
- 2026In Transformer We Trust? A Perspective on Transformer Architecture Failure Modes15 Feb 2026
- 2025Identifying Physically Realizable Triggers for Backdoored Face Recognition Networks24 Jun 2025
- 2024Composite Concept Extraction through Backdooring19 Jun 2024
- 2024Unified Neural Backdoor Removal with Only Few Clean Samples through Unlearning and Relearning23 May 2024
- 2023Exploiting Machine Unlearning for Backdoor Attacks in Deep Learning System12 Sep 2023
- 2023A Data-Driven Defense against Edge-case Model Poisoning Attacks on Federated Learning3 May 2023
- 2022Defense Against Multi-target Trojan Attacks8 Jul 2022
- 2022Towards Effective and Robust Neural Trojan Defenses via Input Filtering24 Feb 2022
- 2021Semantic Host-free Trojan Attack26 Oct 2021
- 2021How to Inject Backdoors with Better Consistency: Logit Anchoring on Clean Data3 Sep 2021
- 2021Black-box Detection of Backdoor Attacks with Limited Information and Data24 Mar 2021