Scalable Plug-and-Play ADMM with Convergence Guarantees
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Abstract (arXiv)
Plug-and-play priors (PnP) is a broadly applicable methodology for solving inverse problems by exploiting statistical priors specified as denoisers. Recent work has reported the state-of-the-art performance of PnP algorithms using pre-trained deep neural nets as denoisers in a number of imaging applications. However, current PnP algorithms are impractical in large-scale settings due to their heavy computational and memory requirements. This work addresses this issue by proposing an incremental variant of the widely used PnP-ADMM algorithm, making it scalable to large-scale datasets. We theoretically analyze the convergence of the algorithm under a set of explicit assumptions, extending recent theoretical results in the area. Additionally, we show the effectiveness of our algorithm with nonsmooth data-fidelity terms and deep neural net priors, its fast convergence compared to existing PnP algorithms, and its scalability in terms of speed and memory.
Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 14; 2023: 11; 2024: 5; 2025: 10; 2026: 4.
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- 2021Learning to Optimize: A Primer and A Benchmarkcited by 206
- 2021Gradient Step Denoiser for convergent Plug-and-Playcited by 107
- 2022Proximal Denoiser for Convergent Plug-and-Play Optimization with Nonconvex Regularizationcited by 79
- 2023Image Denoising: The Deep Learning Revolution and Beyond -- A Survey Paper --cited by 71
- 2023Provable Probabilistic Imaging using Score-Based Generative Priorscited by 51
- 2021Recovery of Continuous 3D Refractive Index Maps from Discrete Intensity-Only Measurements using Neural Fieldscited by 48
- 2023What's in a Prior? Learned Proximal Networks for Inverse Problemscited by 24
- 2022Improving Lipschitz-Constrained Neural Networks by Learning Activation Functionscited by 23
- 2021Recovery Analysis for Plug-and-Play Priors using the Restricted Eigenvalue Conditioncited by 22
- 2022Online Deep Equilibrium Learning for Regularization by Denoisingcited by 22
- 2022Theoretical Perspectives on Deep Learning Methods in Inverse Problemscited by 22
- 2024Learning Image Priors through Patch-based Diffusion Models for Solving Inverse Problemscited by 18
37 more
- 2023Provably Convergent Plug-and-Play Quasi-Newton Methodscited by 15
- 2022On Maximum-a-Posteriori estimation with Plug & Play priors and stochastic gradient descentcited by 14
- 2023Convergent Bregman Plug-and-Play Image Restoration for Poisson Inverse Problemscited by 14
- 2023A relaxed proximal gradient descent algorithm for convergent plug-and-play with proximal denoisercited by 12
- 2023Prior Mismatch and Adaptation in PnP-ADMM with a Nonconvex Convergence Analysiscited by 10
- 2022Bayesian Inversion for Nonlinear Imaging Models using Deep Generative Priorscited by 9
- 2022Deep Model-Based Architectures for Inverse Problems under Mismatched Priorscited by 8
- 2023Block Coordinate Plug-and-Play Methods for Blind Inverse Problemscited by 8
- 2024Patch-Based Diffusion Models Beat Whole-Image Models for Mismatched Distribution Inverse Problemscited by 8
- 2025Proximal Algorithm Unrolling: Flexible and Efficient Reconstruction Networks for Single-Pixel Imagingcited by 8
- 2022Memory-efficient model-based deep learning with convergence and robustness guaranteescited by 7
- 2025Deep Equilibrium models for Poisson Imaging Inverse problems via Mirror Descentcited by 7
- 2022A Plug-and-Play Approach to Multiparametric Quantitative MRI: Image Reconstruction using Pre-Trained Deep Denoiserscited by 5
- 2022CoRRECT: A Deep Unfolding Framework for Motion-Corrected Quantitative R2* Mappingcited by 5
- 2023Convergent plug-and-play with proximal denoiser and unconstrained regularization parametercited by 5
- 2024Plug-and-Play Priors as a Score-Based Methodcited by 5
- 2025MAP Estimation with Denoisers: Convergence Rates and Guaranteescited by 5
- 2021Unrolled Variational Bayesian Algorithm for Image Blind Deconvolutioncited by 4
- 2022Bregman Plug-and-Play Priorscited by 3
- 2023Convergence of Nonconvex PnP-ADMM with MMSE Denoiserscited by 3
- 2025PSI3D: Plug-and-Play 3D Stochastic Inference with Slice-wise Latent Diffusion Priorcited by 3
- 2026Stochastic Generative Plug-and-Play Priorscited by 3
- 2022Accelerating Plug-and-Play Image Reconstruction via Multi-Stage Sketched Gradientscited by 2
- 2024Parseval Convolution Operators and Neural Networkscited by 2
- 2023Local monotone operator learning using non-monotone operators: MnM-MOLcited by 1
- 2025Universal Architectures for the Learning of Polyhedral Norms and Convex Regularizerscited by 1
- 2026ShuffleFlow: Scalable Posterior Inference for Bayesian Inverse Imagingcited by 1
- 2022To what extent can Plug-and-Play methods outperform neural networks alone in low-dose CT reconstructioncited by 0
- 2022Operator Sketching for Deep Unrolling Networkscited by 0
- 2024LAMA: Stable Dual-Domain Deep Reconstruction For Sparse-View CTcited by 0
- 2025Enhanced Denoising and Convergent Regularisation Using Tweedie Scalingcited by 0
- 2025LAMA-Net: A Convergent Network Architecture for Dual-Domain Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2025Designing across domains with declarative thinking: Insights from the 96-Eyes ptychographic imager projectcited by 0
- 2025From the Gradient-Step Denoiser to the Proximal Denoiser and their associated convergent Plug-and-Play algorithmscited by 0
- 2025Beyond sparse denoising in frames: minimax estimation with a scattering transformcited by 0
- 2026Convergent Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Annealed Noise Levelscited by 0
- 2026Plug-and-Play Methods Provably Converge Even with Improperly Trained Denoisers: Convergence by Architectural Designcited by 0
- 2026Plug-and-Play Methods Provably Converge Even with Improperly Trained Denoisers: Convergence by Architectural Design27 Sep 2026
- 2026Convergent Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Annealed Noise Levels26 Sep 2026
- 2026ShuffleFlow: Scalable Posterior Inference for Bayesian Inverse Imaging19 Jun 2026
- 2026Stochastic Generative Plug-and-Play Priors4 Apr 2026
- 2025PSI3D: Plug-and-Play 3D Stochastic Inference with Slice-wise Latent Diffusion Prior20 Dec 2025
- 2025Beyond sparse denoising in frames: minimax estimation with a scattering transform22 Oct 2025
- 2025From the Gradient-Step Denoiser to the Proximal Denoiser and their associated convergent Plug-and-Play algorithms11 Sep 2025
- 2025Designing across domains with declarative thinking: Insights from the 96-Eyes ptychographic imager project25 Aug 2025
- 2025LAMA-Net: A Convergent Network Architecture for Dual-Domain Reconstruction30 Jul 2025
- 2025MAP Estimation with Denoisers: Convergence Rates and Guarantees21 Jul 2025
- 2025Deep Equilibrium models for Poisson Imaging Inverse problems via Mirror Descent15 Jul 2025
- 2025Proximal Algorithm Unrolling: Flexible and Efficient Reconstruction Networks for Single-Pixel Imaging29 May 2025
37 more
- 2025Universal Architectures for the Learning of Polyhedral Norms and Convex Regularizers24 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhanced Denoising and Convergent Regularisation Using Tweedie Scaling7 Mar 2025
- 2024Plug-and-Play Priors as a Score-Based Method15 Dec 2024
- 2024LAMA: Stable Dual-Domain Deep Reconstruction For Sparse-View CT28 Oct 2024
- 2024Patch-Based Diffusion Models Beat Whole-Image Models for Mismatched Distribution Inverse Problems15 Oct 2024
- 2024Parseval Convolution Operators and Neural Networks19 Aug 2024
- 2024Learning Image Priors through Patch-based Diffusion Models for Solving Inverse Problems4 Jun 2024
- 2023Local monotone operator learning using non-monotone operators: MnM-MOL1 Dec 2023
- 2023Convergence of Nonconvex PnP-ADMM with MMSE Denoisers30 Nov 2023
- 2023Convergent plug-and-play with proximal denoiser and unconstrained regularization parameter2 Nov 2023
- 2023What's in a Prior? Learned Proximal Networks for Inverse Problems22 Oct 2023
- 2023Provable Probabilistic Imaging using Score-Based Generative Priors16 Oct 2023
- 2023Prior Mismatch and Adaptation in PnP-ADMM with a Nonconvex Convergence Analysis29 Sep 2023
- 2023Convergent Bregman Plug-and-Play Image Restoration for Poisson Inverse Problems6 Jun 2023
- 2023Block Coordinate Plug-and-Play Methods for Blind Inverse Problems22 May 2023
- 2023Provably Convergent Plug-and-Play Quasi-Newton Methods9 Mar 2023
- 2023A relaxed proximal gradient descent algorithm for convergent plug-and-play with proximal denoiser31 Jan 2023
- 2023Image Denoising: The Deep Learning Revolution and Beyond -- A Survey Paper --9 Jan 2023
- 2022Improving Lipschitz-Constrained Neural Networks by Learning Activation Functions28 Oct 2022
- 2022CoRRECT: A Deep Unfolding Framework for Motion-Corrected Quantitative R2* Mapping12 Oct 2022
- 2022Deep Model-Based Architectures for Inverse Problems under Mismatched Priors26 Jul 2022
- 2022Theoretical Perspectives on Deep Learning Methods in Inverse Problems29 Jun 2022
- 2022Memory-efficient model-based deep learning with convergence and robustness guarantees6 Jun 2022
- 2022Online Deep Equilibrium Learning for Regularization by Denoising25 May 2022
- 2022Operator Sketching for Deep Unrolling Networks21 Mar 2022
- 2022Bayesian Inversion for Nonlinear Imaging Models using Deep Generative Priors18 Mar 2022
- 2022Accelerating Plug-and-Play Image Reconstruction via Multi-Stage Sketched Gradients14 Mar 2022
- 2022To what extent can Plug-and-Play methods outperform neural networks alone in low-dose CT reconstruction15 Feb 2022
- 2022A Plug-and-Play Approach to Multiparametric Quantitative MRI: Image Reconstruction using Pre-Trained Deep Denoisers10 Feb 2022
- 2022Bregman Plug-and-Play Priors4 Feb 2022
- 2022Proximal Denoiser for Convergent Plug-and-Play Optimization with Nonconvex Regularization31 Jan 2022
- 2022On Maximum-a-Posteriori estimation with Plug & Play priors and stochastic gradient descent16 Jan 2022
- 2021Recovery of Continuous 3D Refractive Index Maps from Discrete Intensity-Only Measurements using Neural Fields27 Nov 2021
- 2021Unrolled Variational Bayesian Algorithm for Image Blind Deconvolution14 Oct 2021
- 2021Gradient Step Denoiser for convergent Plug-and-Play7 Oct 2021
- 2021Recovery Analysis for Plug-and-Play Priors using the Restricted Eigenvalue Condition7 Jun 2021
- 2021Learning to Optimize: A Primer and A Benchmark23 Mar 2021
- 2024Learning Image Priors through Patch-based Diffusion Models for Solving Inverse Problemscited by 18
- 2024Patch-Based Diffusion Models Beat Whole-Image Models for Mismatched Distribution Inverse Problemscited by 8
- 2025PSI3D: Plug-and-Play 3D Stochastic Inference with Slice-wise Latent Diffusion Priorcited by 3
- 2026Stochastic Generative Plug-and-Play Priorscited by 3
- 2026Stochastic Generative Plug-and-Play Priors4 Apr 2026
- 2025PSI3D: Plug-and-Play 3D Stochastic Inference with Slice-wise Latent Diffusion Prior20 Dec 2025
- 2024Patch-Based Diffusion Models Beat Whole-Image Models for Mismatched Distribution Inverse Problems15 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning Image Priors through Patch-based Diffusion Models for Solving Inverse Problems4 Jun 2024
- 2021Learning to Optimize: A Primer and A Benchmarkcited by 206
- 2021Gradient Step Denoiser for convergent Plug-and-Playcited by 107
- 2022Proximal Denoiser for Convergent Plug-and-Play Optimization with Nonconvex Regularizationcited by 79
- 2023Image Denoising: The Deep Learning Revolution and Beyond -- A Survey Paper --cited by 71
- 2023Provable Probabilistic Imaging using Score-Based Generative Priorscited by 51
- 2021Recovery of Continuous 3D Refractive Index Maps from Discrete Intensity-Only Measurements using Neural Fieldscited by 48
- 2023What's in a Prior? Learned Proximal Networks for Inverse Problemscited by 24
- 2022Improving Lipschitz-Constrained Neural Networks by Learning Activation Functionscited by 23
- 2021Recovery Analysis for Plug-and-Play Priors using the Restricted Eigenvalue Conditioncited by 22
- 2022Online Deep Equilibrium Learning for Regularization by Denoisingcited by 22
- 2022Theoretical Perspectives on Deep Learning Methods in Inverse Problemscited by 22
- 2023Provably Convergent Plug-and-Play Quasi-Newton Methodscited by 15
12 most cited of 45 All 45 (JSON)
- 2026Plug-and-Play Methods Provably Converge Even with Improperly Trained Denoisers: Convergence by Architectural Design27 Sep 2026
- 2026Convergent Plug-and-Play Image Restoration with Annealed Noise Levels26 Sep 2026
- 2026ShuffleFlow: Scalable Posterior Inference for Bayesian Inverse Imaging19 Jun 2026
- 2025Beyond sparse denoising in frames: minimax estimation with a scattering transform22 Oct 2025
- 2025From the Gradient-Step Denoiser to the Proximal Denoiser and their associated convergent Plug-and-Play algorithms11 Sep 2025
- 2025Designing across domains with declarative thinking: Insights from the 96-Eyes ptychographic imager project25 Aug 2025
- 2025LAMA-Net: A Convergent Network Architecture for Dual-Domain Reconstruction30 Jul 2025
- 2025MAP Estimation with Denoisers: Convergence Rates and Guarantees21 Jul 2025
- 2025Deep Equilibrium models for Poisson Imaging Inverse problems via Mirror Descent15 Jul 2025
- 2025Proximal Algorithm Unrolling: Flexible and Efficient Reconstruction Networks for Single-Pixel Imaging29 May 2025
- 2025Universal Architectures for the Learning of Polyhedral Norms and Convex Regularizers24 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhanced Denoising and Convergent Regularisation Using Tweedie Scaling7 Mar 2025
12 newest of 45 All 45 (JSON)