Policy Entropy for Out-of-Distribution Classification
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Abstract (arXiv)
One critical prerequisite for the deployment of reinforcement learning systems in the real world is the ability to reliably detect situations on which the agent was not trained. Such situations could lead to potential safety risks when wrong predictions lead to the execution of harmful actions. In this work, we propose PEOC, a new policy entropy based out-of-distribution classifier that reliably detects unencountered states in deep reinforcement learning. It is based on using the entropy of an agent's policy as the classification score of a one-class classifier. We evaluate our approach using a procedural environment generator. Results show that PEOC is highly competitive against state-of-the-art one-class classification algorithms on the evaluated environments. Furthermore, we present a structured process for benchmarking out-of-distribution classification in reinforcement learning.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 1; 2023: 0; 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
11 papers.
- 2022Task-Relevant Failure Detection for Trajectory Predictors in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 11
- 2025Guaranteeing Out-Of-Distribution Detection in Deep RL via Transition Estimationcited by 6
- 2021A Distance-based Anomaly Detection Framework for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
- 2021Task-Driven Detection of Distribution Shifts with Statistical Guarantees for Robot Learningcited by 4
- 2021Quantifying Multimodality in World Modelscited by 4
- 2024OIL-AD: An Anomaly Detection Framework for Sequential Decision Sequencescited by 3
- 2025Energy-Based Transfer for Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2026Mahalanobis-Guided Latent OOD Detection for Hybrid ES-DRL Control in Time-Varying Systemscited by 1
- 2021Multi-view Deep One-class Classification: A Systematic Explorationcited by 0
- 2025Distributed Detection of Adversarial Attacks in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Continuous Action Spacecited by 0
- 2026Selective Agent Guidance via Entropy: Learning Autonomous Policies from Imperfect VLM Teacherscited by 0
- 2026Selective Agent Guidance via Entropy: Learning Autonomous Policies from Imperfect VLM Teachers1 Sep 2026
- 2026Mahalanobis-Guided Latent OOD Detection for Hybrid ES-DRL Control in Time-Varying Systems9 Jun 2026
- 2025Distributed Detection of Adversarial Attacks in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Continuous Action Space21 Aug 2025
- 2025Energy-Based Transfer for Reinforcement Learning19 Jun 2025
- 2025Guaranteeing Out-Of-Distribution Detection in Deep RL via Transition Estimation7 Mar 2025
- 2024OIL-AD: An Anomaly Detection Framework for Sequential Decision Sequences7 Feb 2024
- 2022Task-Relevant Failure Detection for Trajectory Predictors in Autonomous Vehicles25 Jul 2022
- 2021Quantifying Multimodality in World Models14 Dec 2021
- 2021A Distance-based Anomaly Detection Framework for Deep Reinforcement Learning21 Sep 2021
- 2021Task-Driven Detection of Distribution Shifts with Statistical Guarantees for Robot Learning25 Jun 2021
- 2021Multi-view Deep One-class Classification: A Systematic Exploration27 Apr 2021