Optimizing Deep Learning Recommender Systems' Training On CPU Cluster Architectures
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Abstract (arXiv)
During the last two years, the goal of many researchers has been to squeeze the last bit of performance out of HPC system for AI tasks. Often this discussion is held in the context of how fast ResNet50 can be trained. Unfortunately, ResNet50 is no longer a representative workload in 2020. Thus, we focus on Recommender Systems which account for most of the AI cycles in cloud computing centers. More specifically, we focus on Facebook's DLRM benchmark. By enabling it to run on latest CPU hardware and software tailored for HPC, we are able to achieve more than two-orders of magnitude improvement in performance (110x) on a single socket compared to the reference CPU implementation, and high scaling efficiency up to 64 sockets, while fitting ultra-large datasets. This paper discusses the optimization techniques for the various operators in DLRM and which component of the systems are stressed by these different operators. The presented techniques are applicable to a broader set of DL workloads that pose the same scaling challenges/characteristics as DLRM.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 7; 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
17 papers.
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- 2021Software-Hardware Co-design for Fast and Scalable Training of Deep Learning Recommendation Modelscited by 78
- 2022Heterogeneous Acceleration Pipeline for Recommendation System Trainingcited by 13
- 2022Building a Performance Model for Deep Learning Recommendation Model Training on GPUscited by 10
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- 2022Deep Learning Models on CPUs: A Methodology for Efficient Trainingcited by 1
- 2022RIBBON: Cost-Effective and QoS-Aware Deep Learning Model Inference using a Diverse Pool of Cloud Computing Instancescited by 1
- 2024PIFS-Rec: Process-In-Fabric-Switch for Large-Scale Recommendation System Inferencescited by 1
- 2021ECRM: Efficient Fault Tolerance for Recommendation Model Training via Erasure Codingcited by 0
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- 2024Efficient Tabular Data Preprocessing of ML Pipelinescited by 0
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- 2024Efficient Tabular Data Preprocessing of ML Pipelines23 Sep 2024
- 2024Accelerating Recommender Model Training by Dynamically Skipping Stale Embeddings22 Mar 2024
- 2023[Experiments & Analysis] Evaluating the Feasibility of Sampling-Based Techniques for Training Multilayer Perceptrons15 Jun 2023
- 2023Mem-Rec: Memory Efficient Recommendation System using Alternative Representation12 May 2023
- 2023Hera: A Heterogeneity-Aware Multi-Tenant Inference Server for Personalized Recommendations23 Feb 2023
- 2022KAIROS: Building Cost-Efficient Machine Learning Inference Systems with Heterogeneous Cloud Resources12 Oct 2022
- 2022RIBBON: Cost-Effective and QoS-Aware Deep Learning Model Inference using a Diverse Pool of Cloud Computing Instances23 Jul 2022
- 2022The trade-offs of model size in large recommendation models : A 10000 × compressed criteo-tb DLRM model (100 GB parameters to mere 10MB)21 Jul 2022
- 2022Deep Learning Models on CPUs: A Methodology for Efficient Training20 Jun 2022
- 2022FPGA-based AI Smart NICs for Scalable Distributed AI Training Systems22 Apr 2022
5 more
- 2022Heterogeneous Acceleration Pipeline for Recommendation System Training11 Apr 2022
- 2022Building a Performance Model for Deep Learning Recommendation Model Training on GPUs19 Jan 2022
- 2021Tensor Processing Primitives: A Programming Abstraction for Efficiency and Portability in Deep Learning & HPC Workloads12 Apr 2021
- 2021Software-Hardware Co-design for Fast and Scalable Training of Deep Learning Recommendation Models12 Apr 2021
- 2021ECRM: Efficient Fault Tolerance for Recommendation Model Training via Erasure Coding5 Apr 2021
- 2021Software-Hardware Co-design for Fast and Scalable Training of Deep Learning Recommendation Modelscited by 78
- 2022Heterogeneous Acceleration Pipeline for Recommendation System Trainingcited by 13
- 2022Building a Performance Model for Deep Learning Recommendation Model Training on GPUscited by 10
- 2021Tensor Processing Primitives: A Programming Abstraction for Efficiency and Portability in Deep Learning & HPC Workloadscited by 8
- 2022KAIROS: Building Cost-Efficient Machine Learning Inference Systems with Heterogeneous Cloud Resourcescited by 3
- 2023Mem-Rec: Memory Efficient Recommendation System using Alternative Representationcited by 3
- 2022The trade-offs of model size in large recommendation models : A 10000 × compressed criteo-tb DLRM model (100 GB parameters to mere 10MB)cited by 2
- 2022FPGA-based AI Smart NICs for Scalable Distributed AI Training Systemscited by 1
- 2022Deep Learning Models on CPUs: A Methodology for Efficient Trainingcited by 1
- 2022RIBBON: Cost-Effective and QoS-Aware Deep Learning Model Inference using a Diverse Pool of Cloud Computing Instancescited by 1
- 2024PIFS-Rec: Process-In-Fabric-Switch for Large-Scale Recommendation System Inferencescited by 1
- 2021ECRM: Efficient Fault Tolerance for Recommendation Model Training via Erasure Codingcited by 0
12 most cited of 17 All 17 (JSON)
- 2025Faster Distributed Inference-Only Recommender Systems via Bounded Lag Synchronous Collectives22 Dec 2025
- 2024PIFS-Rec: Process-In-Fabric-Switch for Large-Scale Recommendation System Inferences25 Sep 2024
- 2024Efficient Tabular Data Preprocessing of ML Pipelines23 Sep 2024
- 2024Accelerating Recommender Model Training by Dynamically Skipping Stale Embeddings22 Mar 2024
- 2023[Experiments & Analysis] Evaluating the Feasibility of Sampling-Based Techniques for Training Multilayer Perceptrons15 Jun 2023
- 2023Mem-Rec: Memory Efficient Recommendation System using Alternative Representation12 May 2023
- 2023Hera: A Heterogeneity-Aware Multi-Tenant Inference Server for Personalized Recommendations23 Feb 2023
- 2022KAIROS: Building Cost-Efficient Machine Learning Inference Systems with Heterogeneous Cloud Resources12 Oct 2022
- 2022RIBBON: Cost-Effective and QoS-Aware Deep Learning Model Inference using a Diverse Pool of Cloud Computing Instances23 Jul 2022
- 2022The trade-offs of model size in large recommendation models : A 10000 × compressed criteo-tb DLRM model (100 GB parameters to mere 10MB)21 Jul 2022
- 2022Deep Learning Models on CPUs: A Methodology for Efficient Training20 Jun 2022
- 2022FPGA-based AI Smart NICs for Scalable Distributed AI Training Systems22 Apr 2022
12 newest of 17 All 17 (JSON)