mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Quantum Natural Language Processing on Near-Term Quantum Computers

arXiv 2005.04147 ↗First posted 8 May 2020cs.CL quant-phcited by 39

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this work, we describe a full-stack pipeline for natural language processing on near-term quantum computers, aka QNLP. The language-modelling framework we employ is that of compositional distributional semantics (DisCoCat), which extends and complements the compositional structure of pregroup grammars. Within this model, the grammatical reduction of a sentence is interpreted as a diagram, encoding a specific interaction of words according to the grammar. It is this interaction which, together with a specific choice of word embedding, realises the meaning (or "semantics") of a sentence. Building on the formal quantum-like nature of such interactions, we present a method for mapping DisCoCat diagrams to quantum circuits. Our methodology is compatible both with NISQ devices and with established Quantum Machine Learning techniques, paving the way to near-term applications of quantum technology to natural language processing.

Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 May 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 5; 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 7.

39 papers.

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  1. 2021QNLP in Practice: Running Compositional Models of Meaning on a Quantum Computercited by 65
  2. 2021lambeq: An Efficient High-Level Python Library for Quantum NLPcited by 43
  3. 2022Quantum Self-Attention Neural Networks for Text Classificationcited by 42
  4. 2022When BERT Meets Quantum Temporal Convolution Learning for Text Classification in Heterogeneous Computingcited by 40
  5. 2022Avoiding Barren Plateaus with Classical Deep Neural Networkscited by 13
  6. 2021Compositionality as we see it, everywhere around uscited by 11
  7. 2021A Quantum Natural Language Processing Approach to Musical Intelligencecited by 11
  8. 2023Quantum-Inspired Machine Learning: a Surveycited by 11
  9. 2021On the Quantum-like Contextuality of Ambiguous Phrasescited by 6
  10. 2021Quantum Mathematics in Artificial Intelligencecited by 5
  11. 2021Diagrammatic Differentiation for Quantum Machine Learningcited by 5
  12. 2021How to make qubits speakcited by 5
27 more
  1. 2021Kindergarden quantum mechanics graduates (...or how I learned to stop gluing LEGO together and love the ZX-calculus)cited by 4
  2. 2023Toward Quantum Machine Translation of Syntactically Distinct Languagescited by 4
  3. 2024Quantum Algorithms for Compositional Text Processingcited by 3
  4. 2021Parametrized Quantum Circuits of Synonymous Sentences in Quantum Natural Language Processingcited by 2
  5. 2021Grover's Algorithm for Question Answeringcited by 2
  6. 2022A Quantum Natural Language Processing Approach to Pronoun Resolutioncited by 2
  7. 2023Adapting Pre-trained Language Models for Quantum Natural Language Processingcited by 2
  8. 2023Hybrid Quantum-Classical Machine Learning for Sentiment Analysiscited by 2
  9. 2023Enabling Quantum Natural Language Processing for Hindi Languagecited by 2
  10. 2021Functorial Language Modelscited by 1
  11. 2021Lambek pregroups are Frobenius spiders in preorderscited by 1
  12. 2023A Survey of Quantum-Cognitively Inspired Sentiment Analysis Modelscited by 1
  13. 2024Qsco: A Quantum Scoring Module for Open-set Supervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 1
  14. 2022Unclonability and Quantum Cryptanalysis: From Foundations to Applicationscited by 0
  15. 2023Variational Quantum Classifiers for Natural-Language Textcited by 0
  16. 2024Quantum-machine-assisted Drug Discoverycited by 0
  17. 2024Multimodal Structure-Aware Quantum Data Processingcited by 0
  18. 2024No-Free-Lunch Theories for Tensor-Network Machine Learning Modelscited by 0
  19. 2025Quantum Methods for Managing Ambiguity in Natural Language Processingcited by 0
  20. 2025Practical Hybrid Quantum Language Models with Observable Readout on Real Hardwarecited by 0
  21. 2026Complex-Valued Unitary Representations as Classification Heads for Improved Uncertainty Quantification in Deep Neural Networkscited by 0
  22. 2026Quantum Compositional NLP for Arabic: Grammar, Morphology, and Word Sense in Circuit Topologycited by 0
  23. 2026An Exploratory Evaluation of LLM-Assisted Rewriting of Moderate-Complexity Financial Sentences for DisCoCat-Based Sentiment Analysiscited by 0
  24. 2026SPSA Hyperparameter Tuning for Variational Quantum Natural Language Inferencecited by 0
  25. 2026Scaling Hindi Quantum Natural Language Processing through Automatic Pregroup Supertaggingcited by 0
  26. 2026Parameter-Efficient Quantum NLP for Paraphrase Detection: Performance, Robustness, and Entanglementcited by 0
  27. 2026Variational Quantum Transformer Architecture for Synthetic Language Generationcited by 0