NAS-Bench-1Shot1: Benchmarking and Dissecting One-shot Neural Architecture Search
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Abstract (arXiv)
One-shot neural architecture search (NAS) has played a crucial role in making NAS methods computationally feasible in practice. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of understanding on how these weight-sharing algorithms exactly work due to the many factors controlling the dynamics of the process. In order to allow a scientific study of these components, we introduce a general framework for one-shot NAS that can be instantiated to many recently-introduced variants and introduce a general benchmarking framework that draws on the recent large-scale tabular benchmark NAS-Bench-101 for cheap anytime evaluations of one-shot NAS methods. To showcase the framework, we compare several state-of-the-art one-shot NAS methods, examine how sensitive they are to their hyperparameters and how they can be improved by tuning their hyperparameters, and compare their performance to that of blackbox optimizers for NAS-Bench-101.
Key facts. Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Jan 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 34; 2022: 13; 2023: 11; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
64 papers.
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- 2021SMAC3: A Versatile Bayesian Optimization Package for Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 229
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 139
- 2021HPOBench: A Collection of Reproducible Multi-Fidelity Benchmark Problems for HPOcited by 111
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- 2021EPE-NAS: Efficient Performance Estimation Without Training for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 24
- 2021Analyzing and Mitigating Interference in Neural Architecture Searchcited by 20
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- 2021Rethinking Neural Operations for Diverse Taskscited by 18
- 2021Accelerating Neural Architecture Search via Proxy Datacited by 14
- 2021Automated Deep Learning: Neural Architecture Search Is Not the Endcited by 13
- 2022EC-NAS: Energy Consumption Aware Tabular Benchmarks for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 11
- 2024HW-GPT-Bench: Hardware-Aware Architecture Benchmark for Language Modelscited by 10
- 2021Zero-Cost Operation Scoring in Differentiable Architecture Searchcited by 9
- 2021EEEA-Net: An Early Exit Evolutionary Neural Architecture Searchcited by 9
- 2021NAS-HPO-Bench-II: A Benchmark Dataset on Joint Optimization of Convolutional Neural Network Architecture and Training Hyperparameterscited by 9
- 2024FlowerFormer: Empowering Neural Architecture Encoding using a Flow-aware Graph Transformercited by 9
- 2021Neural Architecture Search as Program Transformation Explorationcited by 8
- 2021Landmark Regularization: Ranking Guided Super-Net Training in Neural Architecture Searchcited by 8
- 2021Sandwich Batch Normalization: A Drop-In Replacement for Feature Distribution Heterogeneitycited by 7
- 2023β-DARTS++: Bi-level Regularization for Proxy-robust Differentiable Architecture Searchcited by 7
- 2022BLOX: Macro Neural Architecture Search Benchmark and Algorithmscited by 6
- 2023PA&DA: Jointly Sampling PAth and DAta for Consistent NAScited by 6
- 2021Contrastive Self-supervised Neural Architecture Searchcited by 5
- 2021BaLeNAS: Differentiable Architecture Search via the Bayesian Learning Rulecited by 5
- 2022CLOSE: Curriculum Learning On the Sharing Extent Towards Better One-shot NAScited by 5
- 2021Bag of Tricks for Neural Architecture Searchcited by 4
- 2021Fitness Landscape Footprint: A Framework to Compare Neural Architecture Search Problemscited by 4
- 2022Neural Capacitance: A New Perspective of Neural Network Selection via Edge Dynamicscited by 3
- 2023Are Neural Architecture Search Benchmarks Well Designed? A Deeper Look Into Operation Importancecited by 3
- 2023Optimizing with Low Budgets: a Comparison on the Black-box Optimization Benchmarking Suite and OpenAI Gymcited by 3
- 2025Energy-Aware Deep Learning on Resource-Constrained Hardwarecited by 3
- 2021An Analysis of Super-Net Heuristics in Weight-Sharing NAScited by 2
- 2021Towards a Robust Differentiable Architecture Search under Label Noisecited by 2
- 2021A Data-driven Approach to Neural Architecture Search Initializationcited by 2
- 2022Shortest Edit Path Crossover: A Theory-driven Solution to the Permutation Problem in Evolutionary Neural Architecture Searchcited by 2
- 2023MO-DEHB: Evolutionary-based Hyperband for Multi-Objective Optimizationcited by 2
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50 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2026ScAn-Bench: Evaluating Scaling Analysis Methodology28 Sep 2026
- 2026LEMUR 2: Unlocking Neural Network Diversity for AI7 Jul 2026
- 2026Deployment-Aligned Low-Precision Neural Architecture Search for Spaceborne Edge AI27 Apr 2026
- 2025Energy-Aware Deep Learning on Resource-Constrained Hardware18 May 2025
- 2024HW-GPT-Bench: Hardware-Aware Architecture Benchmark for Language Models16 May 2024
- 2024FlowerFormer: Empowering Neural Architecture Encoding using a Flow-aware Graph Transformer19 Mar 2024
- 2023AdaNAS: Adaptively Post-processing with Self-supervised Neural Architecture Search for Ensemble Rainfall Forecasts26 Dec 2023
- 2023NeuroFlow: Development of lightweight and efficient model integration scheduling strategy for autonomous driving system15 Dec 2023
- 2023Optimizing with Low Budgets: a Comparison on the Black-box Optimization Benchmarking Suite and OpenAI Gym29 Sep 2023
- 2023Robustifying DARTS by Eliminating Information Bypass Leakage via Explicit Sparse Regularization12 Jun 2023
- 2023Rethink DARTS Search Space and Renovate a New Benchmark12 Jun 2023
- 2023MO-DEHB: Evolutionary-based Hyperband for Multi-Objective Optimization8 May 2023
38 more
- 2023Are Neural Architecture Search Benchmarks Well Designed? A Deeper Look Into Operation Importance29 Mar 2023
- 2023PA&DA: Jointly Sampling PAth and DAta for Consistent NAS28 Feb 2023
- 2023Are Random Decompositions all we need in High Dimensional Bayesian Optimisation?30 Jan 2023
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Papers20 Jan 2023
- 2023β-DARTS++: Bi-level Regularization for Proxy-robust Differentiable Architecture Search16 Jan 2023
- 2022Accuracy Prediction for NAS Acceleration using Feature Selection and Extrapolation22 Nov 2022
- 2022Shortest Edit Path Crossover: A Theory-driven Solution to the Permutation Problem in Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search25 Oct 2022
- 2022BLOX: Macro Neural Architecture Search Benchmark and Algorithms13 Oct 2022
- 2022EC-NAS: Energy Consumption Aware Tabular Benchmarks for Neural Architecture Search12 Oct 2022
- 2022Monte Carlo Tree Search based Variable Selection for High Dimensional Bayesian Optimization4 Oct 2022
- 2022NAAP-440 Dataset and Baseline for Neural Architecture Accuracy Prediction14 Sep 2022
- 2022AMLB: an AutoML Benchmark25 Jul 2022
- 2022The BUTTER Zone: An Empirical Study of Training Dynamics in Fully Connected Neural Networks25 Jul 2022
- 2022CLOSE: Curriculum Learning On the Sharing Extent Towards Better One-shot NAS16 Jul 2022
- 2022NAS-Bench-Graph: Benchmarking Graph Neural Architecture Search18 Jun 2022
- 2022β-DARTS: Beta-Decay Regularization for Differentiable Architecture Search3 Mar 2022
- 2022NAS-Bench-Suite: NAS Evaluation is (Now) Surprisingly Easy31 Jan 2022
- 2022Neural Capacitance: A New Perspective of Neural Network Selection via Edge Dynamics11 Jan 2022
- 2021DARTS without a Validation Set: Optimizing the Marginal Likelihood24 Dec 2021
- 2021Automated Deep Learning: Neural Architecture Search Is Not the End16 Dec 2021
- 2021BaLeNAS: Differentiable Architecture Search via the Bayesian Learning Rule25 Nov 2021
- 2021Towards Green Automated Machine Learning: Status Quo and Future Directions10 Nov 2021
- 2021NAS-Bench-x11 and the Power of Learning Curves5 Nov 2021
- 2021A Data-driven Approach to Neural Architecture Search Initialization5 Nov 2021
- 2021Fitness Landscape Footprint: A Framework to Compare Neural Architecture Search Problems2 Nov 2021
- 2021Towards a Robust Differentiable Architecture Search under Label Noise23 Oct 2021
- 2021NAS-HPO-Bench-II: A Benchmark Dataset on Joint Optimization of Convolutional Neural Network Architecture and Training Hyperparameters19 Oct 2021
- 2021NAS-Bench-360: Benchmarking Neural Architecture Search on Diverse Tasks12 Oct 2021
- 2021An Analysis of Super-Net Heuristics in Weight-Sharing NAS4 Oct 2021
- 2021Delve into the Performance Degradation of Differentiable Architecture Search28 Sep 2021
- 2021SMAC3: A Versatile Bayesian Optimization Package for Hyperparameter Optimization20 Sep 2021
- 2021HPOBench: A Collection of Reproducible Multi-Fidelity Benchmark Problems for HPO14 Sep 2021
- 2021NASI: Label- and Data-agnostic Neural Architecture Search at Initialization2 Sep 2021
- 2021Analyzing and Mitigating Interference in Neural Architecture Search29 Aug 2021
- 2021MS-DARTS: Mean-Shift Based Differentiable Architecture Search23 Aug 2021
- 2021EEEA-Net: An Early Exit Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search13 Aug 2021
- 2021Bag of Tricks for Neural Architecture Search8 Jul 2021
- 2021Connection Sensitivity Matters for Training-free DARTS: From Architecture-Level Scoring to Operation-Level Sensitivity Analysis22 Jun 2021
50 newest of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2021SMAC3: A Versatile Bayesian Optimization Package for Hyperparameter Optimizationcited by 229
- 2023Neural Architecture Search: Insights from 1000 Paperscited by 139
- 2021HPOBench: A Collection of Reproducible Multi-Fidelity Benchmark Problems for HPOcited by 111
- 2021How Powerful are Performance Predictors in Neural Architecture Search?cited by 88
- 2022β-DARTS: Beta-Decay Regularization for Differentiable Architecture Searchcited by 64
- 2021BossNAS: Exploring Hybrid CNN-transformers with Block-wisely Self-supervised Neural Architecture Searchcited by 63
- 2021A Comprehensive Survey on Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Searchcited by 60
- 2022AMLB: an AutoML Benchmarkcited by 55
- 2021iDARTS: Differentiable Architecture Search with Stochastic Implicit Gradientscited by 51
- 2022Monte Carlo Tree Search based Variable Selection for High Dimensional Bayesian Optimizationcited by 37
- 2022NAS-Bench-Suite: NAS Evaluation is (Now) Surprisingly Easycited by 36
- 2023Are Random Decompositions all we need in High Dimensional Bayesian Optimisation?cited by 36
12 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2026ScAn-Bench: Evaluating Scaling Analysis Methodology28 Sep 2026
- 2026LEMUR 2: Unlocking Neural Network Diversity for AI7 Jul 2026
- 2026Deployment-Aligned Low-Precision Neural Architecture Search for Spaceborne Edge AI27 Apr 2026
- 2025Energy-Aware Deep Learning on Resource-Constrained Hardware18 May 2025
- 2024HW-GPT-Bench: Hardware-Aware Architecture Benchmark for Language Models16 May 2024
- 2024FlowerFormer: Empowering Neural Architecture Encoding using a Flow-aware Graph Transformer19 Mar 2024
- 2023AdaNAS: Adaptively Post-processing with Self-supervised Neural Architecture Search for Ensemble Rainfall Forecasts26 Dec 2023
- 2023NeuroFlow: Development of lightweight and efficient model integration scheduling strategy for autonomous driving system15 Dec 2023
- 2023Optimizing with Low Budgets: a Comparison on the Black-box Optimization Benchmarking Suite and OpenAI Gym29 Sep 2023
- 2023Robustifying DARTS by Eliminating Information Bypass Leakage via Explicit Sparse Regularization12 Jun 2023
- 2023Rethink DARTS Search Space and Renovate a New Benchmark12 Jun 2023
- 2023MO-DEHB: Evolutionary-based Hyperband for Multi-Objective Optimization8 May 2023
12 newest of 64 All 64 (JSON)