You Are Here: Geolocation by Embedding Maps and Images
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a novel approach to geolocalising panoramic images on a 2-D cartographic map based on learning a low dimensional embedded space, which allows a comparison between an image captured at a location and local neighbourhoods of the map. The representation is not sufficiently discriminatory to allow localisation from a single image, but when concatenated along a route, localisation converges quickly, with over 90% accuracy being achieved for routes of around 200m in length when using Google Street View and Open Street Map data. The method generalises a previous fixed semantic feature based approach and achieves significantly higher localisation accuracy and faster convergence.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Nov 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 5.
19 papers.
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- 2023OrienterNet: Visual Localization in 2D Public Maps with Neural Matchingcited by 84
- 2024MapLocNet: Coarse-to-Fine Feature Registration for Visual Re-Localization in Navigation Mapscited by 18
- 2024F3Loc: Fusion and Filtering for Floorplan Localizationcited by 17
- 2024Cross-view geo-localization: a surveycited by 15
- 2025From Pixels to Places: A Systematic Benchmark for Evaluating Image Geolocalization Ability in Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2025SegLocNet: Multimodal Localization Network for Autonomous Driving via Bird's-Eye-View Segmentationcited by 6
- 2023Image-based Geolocalization by Ground-to-2.5D Map Matchingcited by 4
- 2025Learning to be Smooth: An End-to-End Differentiable Particle Smoothercited by 4
- 2025U-ViLAR: Uncertainty-Aware Visual Localization for Autonomous Driving via Differentiable Association and Registrationcited by 4
- 2022DeepSSN: a deep convolutional neural network to assess spatial scene similaritycited by 2
- 2024Maps from Motion (MfM): Generating 2D Semantic Maps from Sparse Multi-view Imagescited by 1
- 2025Evaluating Global Geo-alignment for Precision Learned Autonomous Vehicle Localization using Aerial Datacited by 1
7 more
- 20233DoF Localization from a Single Image and an Object Map: the Flatlandia Problem and Datasetcited by 0
- 2025BEV-Patch-PF: Particle Filtering with BEV-Aerial Feature Matching for Off-Road Geo-Localizationcited by 0
- 2026HOLO: Homography-Guided Pose Estimator Network for Fine-Grained Visual Localization on SD Mapscited by 0
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Hierarchical Re-Localization in OpenStreetMap via Semantic Alignmentcited by 0
- 2026TOL: Textual Localization with OpenStreetMapcited by 0
- 2026MAG-VLAQ: Multi-modal Aerial-Ground Query Aggregation for Cross-View Place Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Leveraging Semantic Maps for City-Scale Cross-View Localizationcited by 0
- 2026Leveraging Semantic Maps for City-Scale Cross-View Localization28 Jul 2026
- 2026MAG-VLAQ: Multi-modal Aerial-Ground Query Aggregation for Cross-View Place Recognition10 May 2026
- 2026TOL: Textual Localization with OpenStreetMap2 Apr 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Hierarchical Re-Localization in OpenStreetMap via Semantic Alignment2 Mar 2026
- 2026HOLO: Homography-Guided Pose Estimator Network for Fine-Grained Visual Localization on SD Maps6 Jan 2026
- 2025BEV-Patch-PF: Particle Filtering with BEV-Aerial Feature Matching for Off-Road Geo-Localization17 Dec 2025
- 2025From Pixels to Places: A Systematic Benchmark for Evaluating Image Geolocalization Ability in Large Language Models3 Aug 2025
- 2025U-ViLAR: Uncertainty-Aware Visual Localization for Autonomous Driving via Differentiable Association and Registration6 Jul 2025
- 2025Evaluating Global Geo-alignment for Precision Learned Autonomous Vehicle Localization using Aerial Data18 Mar 2025
- 2025SegLocNet: Multimodal Localization Network for Autonomous Driving via Bird's-Eye-View Segmentation27 Feb 2025
- 2025Learning to be Smooth: An End-to-End Differentiable Particle Smoother14 Feb 2025
- 2024Maps from Motion (MfM): Generating 2D Semantic Maps from Sparse Multi-view Images19 Nov 2024
7 more
- 2024MapLocNet: Coarse-to-Fine Feature Registration for Visual Re-Localization in Navigation Maps11 Jul 2024
- 2024Cross-view geo-localization: a survey14 Jun 2024
- 2024F3Loc: Fusion and Filtering for Floorplan Localization5 Mar 2024
- 2023Image-based Geolocalization by Ground-to-2.5D Map Matching11 Aug 2023
- 20233DoF Localization from a Single Image and an Object Map: the Flatlandia Problem and Dataset13 Apr 2023
- 2023OrienterNet: Visual Localization in 2D Public Maps with Neural Matching4 Apr 2023
- 2022DeepSSN: a deep convolutional neural network to assess spatial scene similarity7 Feb 2022
- 2023OrienterNet: Visual Localization in 2D Public Maps with Neural Matchingcited by 84
- 2024MapLocNet: Coarse-to-Fine Feature Registration for Visual Re-Localization in Navigation Mapscited by 18
- 2024F3Loc: Fusion and Filtering for Floorplan Localizationcited by 17
- 2024Cross-view geo-localization: a surveycited by 15
- 2025From Pixels to Places: A Systematic Benchmark for Evaluating Image Geolocalization Ability in Large Language Modelscited by 11
- 2025SegLocNet: Multimodal Localization Network for Autonomous Driving via Bird's-Eye-View Segmentationcited by 6
- 2023Image-based Geolocalization by Ground-to-2.5D Map Matchingcited by 4
- 2025Learning to be Smooth: An End-to-End Differentiable Particle Smoothercited by 4
- 2025U-ViLAR: Uncertainty-Aware Visual Localization for Autonomous Driving via Differentiable Association and Registrationcited by 4
- 2022DeepSSN: a deep convolutional neural network to assess spatial scene similaritycited by 2
- 2024Maps from Motion (MfM): Generating 2D Semantic Maps from Sparse Multi-view Imagescited by 1
- 2025Evaluating Global Geo-alignment for Precision Learned Autonomous Vehicle Localization using Aerial Datacited by 1
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026Leveraging Semantic Maps for City-Scale Cross-View Localization28 Jul 2026
- 2026MAG-VLAQ: Multi-modal Aerial-Ground Query Aggregation for Cross-View Place Recognition10 May 2026
- 2026TOL: Textual Localization with OpenStreetMap2 Apr 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-Aware Hierarchical Re-Localization in OpenStreetMap via Semantic Alignment2 Mar 2026
- 2026HOLO: Homography-Guided Pose Estimator Network for Fine-Grained Visual Localization on SD Maps6 Jan 2026
- 2025BEV-Patch-PF: Particle Filtering with BEV-Aerial Feature Matching for Off-Road Geo-Localization17 Dec 2025
- 2025From Pixels to Places: A Systematic Benchmark for Evaluating Image Geolocalization Ability in Large Language Models3 Aug 2025
- 2025U-ViLAR: Uncertainty-Aware Visual Localization for Autonomous Driving via Differentiable Association and Registration6 Jul 2025
- 2025Evaluating Global Geo-alignment for Precision Learned Autonomous Vehicle Localization using Aerial Data18 Mar 2025
- 2025SegLocNet: Multimodal Localization Network for Autonomous Driving via Bird's-Eye-View Segmentation27 Feb 2025
- 2025Learning to be Smooth: An End-to-End Differentiable Particle Smoother14 Feb 2025
- 2024Maps from Motion (MfM): Generating 2D Semantic Maps from Sparse Multi-view Images19 Nov 2024
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)