Controlled Crowdsourcing for High-Quality QA-SRL Annotation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Question-answer driven Semantic Role Labeling (QA-SRL) was proposed as an attractive open and natural flavour of SRL, potentially attainable from laymen. Recently, a large-scale crowdsourced QA-SRL corpus and a trained parser were released. Trying to replicate the QA-SRL annotation for new texts, we found that the resulting annotations were lacking in quality, particularly in coverage, making them insufficient for further research and evaluation. In this paper, we present an improved crowdsourcing protocol for complex semantic annotation, involving worker selection and training, and a data consolidation phase. Applying this protocol to QA-SRL yielded high-quality annotation with drastically higher coverage, producing a new gold evaluation dataset. We believe that our annotation protocol and gold standard will facilitate future replicable research of natural semantic annotations.
Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Nov 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 6; 2023: 6; 2024: 8; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,879
- 2021QuALITY: Question Answering with Long Input Texts, Yes!cited by 208
- 2021Teach Me to Explain: A Review of Datasets for Explainable Natural Language Processingcited by 126
- 2024Attribute First, then Generate: Locally-attributable Grounded Text Generationcited by 54
- 2021Does Putting a Linguist in the Loop Improve NLU Data Collection?cited by 29
- 2022PropSegmEnt: A Large-Scale Corpus for Proposition-Level Segmentation and Entailment Recognitioncited by 29
- 2021What Ingredients Make for an Effective Crowdsourcing Protocol for Difficult NLU Data Collection Tasks?cited by 23
- 2021Asking It All: Generating Contextualized Questions for any Semantic Rolecited by 22
- 2022Life is a Circus and We are the Clowns: Automatically Finding Analogies between Situations and Processescited by 22
- 2021Corpus-Level Evaluation for Event QA: The IndiaPoliceEvents Corpus Covering the 2002 Gujarat Violencecited by 19
- 2021QA-Align: Representing Cross-Text Content Overlap by Aligning Question-Answer Propositionscited by 16
- 2023OpenAsp: A Benchmark for Multi-document Open Aspect-based Summarizationcited by 15
22 more
- 2021Draw Me a Flower: Processing and Grounding Abstraction in Natural Languagecited by 14
- 2024Localizing Factual Inconsistencies in Attributable Text Generationcited by 14
- 2022QASem Parsing: Text-to-text Modeling of QA-based Semanticscited by 12
- 2021Quantifying and Avoiding Unfair Qualification Labour in Crowdsourcingcited by 11
- 2022Controlled Text Reductioncited by 10
- 2021LMTurk: Few-Shot Learners as Crowdsourcing Workers in a Language-Model-as-a-Service Frameworkcited by 9
- 2022Lexical Generalization Improves with Larger Models and Longer Trainingcited by 9
- 2021Text-based NP Enrichmentcited by 8
- 2024QAPyramid: Fine-grained Evaluation of Content Selection for Text Summarizationcited by 8
- 2024The Power of Summary-Source Alignmentscited by 7
- 2023Revisiting Sentence Union Generation as a Testbed for Text Consolidationcited by 6
- 2025CrowdAgent: Multi-Agent Managed Multi-Source Annotation Systemcited by 5
- 2024Explicating the Implicit: Argument Detection Beyond Sentence Boundariescited by 4
- 2022Human in the loop approaches in multi-modal conversational task guidance system developmentcited by 2
- 2024Learning to Generate and Evaluate Fact-checking Explanations with Transformerscited by 2
- 2024Multi-Review Fusion-in-Contextcited by 1
- 2024OMoS-QA: A Dataset for Cross-Lingual Extractive Question Answering in a German Migration Contextcited by 1
- 2025QA-Noun: Representing Nominal Semantics via Natural Language Question-Answer Pairscited by 1
- 2026Effective QA-driven Annotation of Predicate-Argument Relations Across Languagescited by 1
- 2023Modeling Complex Event Scenarios via Simple Entity-focused Questionscited by 0
- 2023Conjunct Resolution in the Face of Verbal Omissionscited by 0
- 2023CHAMP: Efficient Annotation and Consolidation of Cluster Hierarchiescited by 0
- 2026Effective QA-driven Annotation of Predicate-Argument Relations Across Languages26 Feb 2026
- 2025QA-Noun: Representing Nominal Semantics via Natural Language Question-Answer Pairs16 Nov 2025
- 2025CrowdAgent: Multi-Agent Managed Multi-Source Annotation System17 Sep 2025
- 2024QAPyramid: Fine-grained Evaluation of Content Selection for Text Summarization10 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning to Generate and Evaluate Fact-checking Explanations with Transformers21 Oct 2024
- 2024Localizing Factual Inconsistencies in Attributable Text Generation9 Oct 2024
- 2024Explicating the Implicit: Argument Detection Beyond Sentence Boundaries8 Aug 2024
- 2024OMoS-QA: A Dataset for Cross-Lingual Extractive Question Answering in a German Migration Context22 Jul 2024
- 2024The Power of Summary-Source Alignments2 Jun 2024
- 2024Attribute First, then Generate: Locally-attributable Grounded Text Generation25 Mar 2024
- 2024Multi-Review Fusion-in-Context22 Mar 2024
- 2023OpenAsp: A Benchmark for Multi-document Open Aspect-based Summarization7 Dec 2023
22 more
- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark20 Nov 2023
- 2023CHAMP: Efficient Annotation and Consolidation of Cluster Hierarchies19 Nov 2023
- 2023Conjunct Resolution in the Face of Verbal Omissions26 May 2023
- 2023Revisiting Sentence Union Generation as a Testbed for Text Consolidation24 May 2023
- 2023Modeling Complex Event Scenarios via Simple Entity-focused Questions14 Feb 2023
- 2022PropSegmEnt: A Large-Scale Corpus for Proposition-Level Segmentation and Entailment Recognition21 Dec 2022
- 2022Human in the loop approaches in multi-modal conversational task guidance system development3 Nov 2022
- 2022Controlled Text Reduction24 Oct 2022
- 2022Lexical Generalization Improves with Larger Models and Longer Training23 Oct 2022
- 2022Life is a Circus and We are the Clowns: Automatically Finding Analogies between Situations and Processes21 Oct 2022
- 2022QASem Parsing: Text-to-text Modeling of QA-based Semantics23 May 2022
- 2021QuALITY: Question Answering with Long Input Texts, Yes!16 Dec 2021
- 2021LMTurk: Few-Shot Learners as Crowdsourcing Workers in a Language-Model-as-a-Service Framework14 Dec 2021
- 2021QA-Align: Representing Cross-Text Content Overlap by Aligning Question-Answer Propositions26 Sep 2021
- 2021Text-based NP Enrichment24 Sep 2021
- 2021Asking It All: Generating Contextualized Questions for any Semantic Role10 Sep 2021
- 2021Draw Me a Flower: Processing and Grounding Abstraction in Natural Language27 Jun 2021
- 2021What Ingredients Make for an Effective Crowdsourcing Protocol for Difficult NLU Data Collection Tasks?1 Jun 2021
- 2021Corpus-Level Evaluation for Event QA: The IndiaPoliceEvents Corpus Covering the 2002 Gujarat Violence27 May 2021
- 2021Quantifying and Avoiding Unfair Qualification Labour in Crowdsourcing26 May 2021
- 2021Does Putting a Linguist in the Loop Improve NLU Data Collection?15 Apr 2021
- 2021Teach Me to Explain: A Review of Datasets for Explainable Natural Language Processing24 Feb 2021
- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmarkcited by 2,879
- 2021QuALITY: Question Answering with Long Input Texts, Yes!cited by 208
- 2021Teach Me to Explain: A Review of Datasets for Explainable Natural Language Processingcited by 126
- 2024Attribute First, then Generate: Locally-attributable Grounded Text Generationcited by 54
- 2021Does Putting a Linguist in the Loop Improve NLU Data Collection?cited by 29
- 2022PropSegmEnt: A Large-Scale Corpus for Proposition-Level Segmentation and Entailment Recognitioncited by 29
- 2021What Ingredients Make for an Effective Crowdsourcing Protocol for Difficult NLU Data Collection Tasks?cited by 23
- 2021Asking It All: Generating Contextualized Questions for any Semantic Rolecited by 22
- 2022Life is a Circus and We are the Clowns: Automatically Finding Analogies between Situations and Processescited by 22
- 2021Corpus-Level Evaluation for Event QA: The IndiaPoliceEvents Corpus Covering the 2002 Gujarat Violencecited by 19
- 2021QA-Align: Representing Cross-Text Content Overlap by Aligning Question-Answer Propositionscited by 16
- 2023OpenAsp: A Benchmark for Multi-document Open Aspect-based Summarizationcited by 15
12 most cited of 33 All 33 (JSON)
- 2026Effective QA-driven Annotation of Predicate-Argument Relations Across Languages26 Feb 2026
- 2025QA-Noun: Representing Nominal Semantics via Natural Language Question-Answer Pairs16 Nov 2025
- 2024QAPyramid: Fine-grained Evaluation of Content Selection for Text Summarization10 Dec 2024
- 2024Learning to Generate and Evaluate Fact-checking Explanations with Transformers21 Oct 2024
- 2024Localizing Factual Inconsistencies in Attributable Text Generation9 Oct 2024
- 2024Explicating the Implicit: Argument Detection Beyond Sentence Boundaries8 Aug 2024
- 2024OMoS-QA: A Dataset for Cross-Lingual Extractive Question Answering in a German Migration Context22 Jul 2024
- 2024The Power of Summary-Source Alignments2 Jun 2024
- 2024Attribute First, then Generate: Locally-attributable Grounded Text Generation25 Mar 2024
- 2024Multi-Review Fusion-in-Context22 Mar 2024
- 2023OpenAsp: A Benchmark for Multi-document Open Aspect-based Summarization7 Dec 2023
- 2023GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark20 Nov 2023
12 newest of 33 All 33 (JSON)