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DENS: A Dataset for Multi-class Emotion Analysis

arXiv 1910.11769 ↗First posted 25 Oct 2019cs.CLcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce a new dataset for multi-class emotion analysis from long-form narratives in English. The Dataset for Emotions of Narrative Sequences (DENS) was collected from both classic literature available on Project Gutenberg and modern online narratives available on Wattpad, annotated using Amazon Mechanical Turk. A number of statistics and baseline benchmarks are provided for the dataset. Of the tested techniques, we find that the fine-tuning of a pre-trained BERT model achieves the best results, with an average micro-F1 score of 60.4%. Our results show that the dataset provides a novel opportunity in emotion analysis that requires moving beyond existing sentence-level techniques.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 Oct 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 3; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

16 papers.

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  1. 2024Emotion Analysis in NLP: Trends, Gaps and Roadmap for Future Directionscited by 26
  2. 2024No Culture Left Behind: ArtELingo-28, a Benchmark of WikiArt with Captions in 28 Languagescited by 19
  3. 2022ArtELingo: A Million Emotion Annotations of WikiArt with Emphasis on Diversity over Language and Culturecited by 17
  4. 2023Evaluating Subjective Cognitive Appraisals of Emotions from Large Language Modelscited by 12
  5. 2021PyPlutchik: visualising and comparing emotion-annotated corporacited by 6
  6. 2021Emotion analysis and detection during COVID-19cited by 4
  7. 2025Can Third-parties Read Our Emotions?cited by 4
  8. 2023Language Models (Mostly) Do Not Consider Emotion Triggers When Predicting Emotioncited by 3
  9. 2021Detecting Inspiring Content on Social Mediacited by 2
  10. 2025Fluent but Unfeeling: The Emotional Blind Spots of Language Modelscited by 2
  11. 2022Automatic Emotion Modelling in Written Storiescited by 1
  12. 2025Detecting harassment and defamation in cyberbullying with emotion-adaptive trainingcited by 1
4 more
  1. 2022Computational Storytelling and Emotions: A Surveycited by 0
  2. 2024Emotion Identification for French in Written Texts: Considering their Modes of Expression as a Step Towards Text Complexity Analysiscited by 0
  3. 2025Performance Evaluation of Emotion Classification in Japanese Using RoBERTa and DeBERTacited by 0
  4. 2026Emotion Entanglement and Bayesian Inference for Multi-Dimensional Emotion Understandingcited by 0