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6G Wireless Communication Systems: Applications, Requirements, Technologies, Challenges, and Research Directions

arXiv 1909.11315 ↗First posted 25 Sep 2019cs.NI eess.SPcited by 34

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Abstract (arXiv)

Fifth-generation (5G) communication, which has many more features than fourth-generation communication, will be officially launched very soon. A new paradigm of wireless communication, the sixth-generation (6G) system, with the full support of artificial intelligence is expected to be deployed between 2027 and 2030. In beyond 5G, there are some fundamental issues, which need to be addressed are higher system capacity, higher data rate, lower latency, and improved quality of service (QoS) compared to 5G system. This paper presents the vision of future 6G wireless communication and its network architecture. We discuss the emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, terahertz communications, optical wireless technology, free space optic network, blockchain, three-dimensional networking, quantum communications, unmanned aerial vehicle, cell-free communications, integration of wireless information and energy transfer, integration of sensing and communication, integration of access-backhaul networks, dynamic network slicing, holographic beamforming, and big data analytics that can assist the 6G architecture development in guaranteeing the QoS. We present the expected applications with the requirements and the possible technologies for 6G communication. We also outline the possible challenges and research directions to reach this goal.

Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 5; 2023: 6; 2024: 7; 2025: 9; 2026: 3.

34 papers.

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  1. 2021Learning Semantics: An Opportunity for Effective 6G Communicationscited by 19
  2. 2024Latent Diffusion Model-Enabled Low-Latency Semantic Communication in the Presence of Semantic Ambiguities and Wireless Channel Noisescited by 13
  3. 2022A Survey on XAI for 5G and Beyond Security: Technical Aspects, Challenges and Research Directionscited by 8
  4. 2022AI and 6G into the Metaverse: Fundamentals, Challenges and Future Research Trendscited by 8
  5. 2023Resource-efficient Generative Mobile Edge Networks in 6G Era: Fundamentals, Framework and Case Studycited by 7
  6. 2021Recent Advances in Data-Driven Wireless Communication Using Gaussian Processes: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 5
  7. 2024Leveraging Digital Cousins for Ensemble Q-Learning in Large-Scale Wireless Networkscited by 4
  8. 2024Survey of Graph Neural Network for Internet of Things and NextG Networkscited by 4
  9. 2023The Metaverse: Survey, Trends, Novel Pipeline Ecosystem & Future Directionscited by 3
  10. 2024Large Language Model as a Catalyst: A Paradigm Shift in Base Station Siting Optimizationcited by 3
  11. 2025Offline and Distributional Reinforcement Learning for Wireless Communicationscited by 3
  12. 2025MedAtlas: Evaluating LLMs for Multi-Round, Multi-Task Medical Reasoning Across Diverse Imaging Modalities and Clinical Textcited by 3
22 more
  1. 2023Low PAPR MIMO-OFDM Design Based on Convolutional Autoencodercited by 2
  2. 2025RadioDUN: A Physics-Inspired Deep Unfolding Network for Radio Map Estimationcited by 2
  3. 2026A Survey on AI for 6G: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 2
  4. 2021Proactive and AoI-aware Failure Recovery for Stateful NFV-enabled Zero-Touch 6G Networks: Model-Free DRL Approachcited by 1
  5. 2021Throughput and Latency in the Distributed Q-Learning Random Access mMTC Networkscited by 1
  6. 2023Magmaw: Modality-Agnostic Adversarial Attacks on Machine Learning-Based Wireless Communication Systemscited by 1
  7. 2023Hybrid-Task Meta-Learning: A GNN Approach for Scalable and Transferable Bandwidth Allocationcited by 1
  8. 2024Semantic Meta-Split Learning: A TinyML Scheme for Few-Shot Wireless Image Classificationcited by 1
  9. 2025From Large AI Models to Agentic AI: A Tutorial on Future Intelligent Communicationscited by 1
  10. 2025Deploying AI for Signal Processing education: Selected challenges and intriguing opportunitiescited by 1
  11. 2025TT-Prune: Joint Model Pruning and Resource Allocation for Communication-efficient Time-triggered Federated Learningcited by 1
  12. 2022FedBA: Non-IID Federated Learning Framework in UAV Networkscited by 0
  13. 2022Beyond 5G Networks: Integration of Communication, Computing, Caching, and Controlcited by 0
  14. 2022Need of 6G for the Metaverse Realizationcited by 0
  15. 2023Multi-Power Level Q-Learning Algorithm for Random Access in NOMA mMTC Systemscited by 0
  16. 2024PACE: A Pragmatic Agent for Enhancing Communication Efficiency Using Large Language Modelscited by 0
  17. 2024Learning Short Codes for Fading Channels with No or Receiver-Only Channel State Informationcited by 0
  18. 2025Multi-Agent DRL for Queue-Aware Task Offloading in Hierarchical MEC-Enabled Air-Ground Networkscited by 0
  19. 2025Adaptive Learning for IRS-Assisted Wireless Networks: Securing Opportunistic Communications Against Byzantine Eavesdropperscited by 0
  20. 2025Where 6G Stands Today: Evolution, Enablers, and Research Gapscited by 0
  21. 2026Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for 6G Communications: Fundamentals, Applications and Future Directionscited by 0
  22. 2026Dualformer: Efficient Feature Extractor for Complex-valued Blind Communication Signal Analysiscited by 0