mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Deep Visual Template-Free Form Parsing

arXiv 1909.02576 ↗First posted 5 Sep 2019cs.CVcited by 24

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Automatic, template-free extraction of information from form images is challenging due to the variety of form layouts. This is even more challenging for historical forms due to noise and degradation. A crucial part of the extraction process is associating input text with pre-printed labels. We present a learned, template-free solution to detecting pre-printed text and input text/handwriting and predicting pair-wise relationships between them. While previous approaches to this problem have been focused on clean images and clear layouts, we show our approach is effective in the domain of noisy, degraded, and varied form images. We introduce a new dataset of historical form images (late 1800s, early 1900s) for training and validating our approach. Our method uses a convolutional network to detect pre-printed text and input text lines. We pool features from the detection network to classify possible relationships in a language-agnostic way. We show that our proposed pairing method outperforms heuristic rules and that visual features are critical to obtaining high accuracy.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Sep 2019.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 10; 2025: 3.

24 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021OCR-free Document Understanding Transformercited by 400
  2. 2021DocFormer: End-to-End Transformer for Document Understandingcited by 254
  3. 2022End-to-end Document Recognition and Understanding with Dessurtcited by 73
  4. 2022FormNet: Structural Encoding beyond Sequential Modeling in Form Document Information Extractioncited by 64
  5. 2023DocILE Benchmark for Document Information Localization and Extractioncited by 58
  6. 2025SlowFast-LLaVA-1.5: A Family of Token-Efficient Video Large Language Models for Long-Form Video Understandingcited by 30
  7. 2024PVC: Progressive Visual Token Compression for Unified Image and Video Processing in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 25
  8. 2021ROPE: Reading Order Equivariant Positional Encoding for Graph-based Document Information Extractioncited by 22
  9. 2022Doc2Graph: a Task Agnostic Document Understanding Framework based on Graph Neural Networkscited by 17
  10. 2021Post-OCR Paragraph Recognition by Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 16
  11. 2021Visual FUDGE: Form Understanding via Dynamic Graph Editingcited by 15
  12. 2024HoVLE: Unleashing the Power of Monolithic Vision-Language Models with Holistic Vision-Language Embeddingcited by 10
12 more
  1. 2023A Question-Answering Approach to Key Value Pair Extraction from Form-like Document Imagescited by 9
  2. 2024BuDDIE: A Business Document Dataset for Multi-task Information Extractioncited by 8
  3. 2024Transformers and Language Models in Form Understanding: A Comprehensive Review of Scanned Document Analysiscited by 6
  4. 2024Let's Fuse Step by Step: A Generative Fusion Decoding Algorithm with LLMs for Robust and Instruction-Aware ASR and OCRcited by 4
  5. 2025CoMemo: LVLMs Need Image Context with Image Memorycited by 4
  6. 2024TreeForm: End-to-end Annotation and Evaluation for Form Document Parsingcited by 3
  7. 2024GeoContrastNet: Contrastive Key-Value Edge Learning for Language-Agnostic Document Understandingcited by 3
  8. 2025CommonForms: A Large, Diverse Dataset for Form Field Detectioncited by 3
  9. 2023Language Independent Neuro-Symbolic Semantic Parsing for Form Understandingcited by 1
  10. 2024DELINE8K: A Synthetic Data Pipeline for the Semantic Segmentation of Historical Documentscited by 1
  11. 2024Flowmind2Digital: The First Comprehensive Flowmind Recognition and Conversion Approachcited by 0
  12. 2024Noise-Aware Training of Layout-Aware Language Modelscited by 0