Learning to Traverse Latent Spaces for Musical Score Inpainting
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Abstract (arXiv)
Music Inpainting is the task of filling in missing or lost information in a piece of music. We investigate this task from an interactive music creation perspective. To this end, a novel deep learning-based approach for musical score inpainting is proposed. The designed model takes both past and future musical context into account and is capable of suggesting ways to connect them in a musically meaningful manner. To achieve this, we leverage the representational power of the latent space of a Variational Auto-Encoder and train a Recurrent Neural Network which learns to traverse this latent space conditioned on the past and future musical contexts. Consequently, the designed model is capable of generating several measures of music to connect two musical excerpts. The capabilities and performance of the model are showcased by comparison with competitive baselines using several objective and subjective evaluation methods. The results show that the model generates meaningful inpaintings and can be used in interactive music creation applications. Overall, the method demonstrates the merit of learning complex trajectories in the latent spaces of deep generative models.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Jul 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 3; 2023: 8; 2024: 1; 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
24 papers.
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- 2023Anticipatory Music Transformercited by 35
- 2021The Piano Inpainting Applicationcited by 23
- 2023The Ethical Implications of Generative Audio Models: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 18
- 2022MusIAC: An extensible generative framework for Music Infilling Applications with multi-level Controlcited by 17
- 2021Variable-Length Music Score Infilling via XLNet and Musically Specialized Positional Encodingcited by 14
- 2021BERT-like Pre-training for Symbolic Piano Music Classification Taskscited by 12
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Musiccited by 10
- 2023Composer's Assistant: An Interactive Transformer for Multi-Track MIDI Infillingcited by 9
- 2023Exploring XAI for the Arts: Explaining Latent Space in Generative Musiccited by 8
- 2021Is Disentanglement enough? On Latent Representations for Controllable Music Generationcited by 7
- 2022Learning long-term music representations via hierarchical contextual constraintscited by 5
- 2024Composer's Assistant 2: Interactive Multi-Track MIDI Infilling with Fine-Grained User Controlcited by 5
12 more
- 2022Melody Infilling with User-Provided Structural Contextcited by 4
- 2023Exploring how a Generative AI interprets musiccited by 4
- 2023Exploring Variational Auto-Encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AIcited by 4
- 2025Exploring the Needs of Practising Musicians in Co-Creative AI Through Co-Designcited by 3
- 2021A Contextual Latent Space Model: Subsequence Modulation in Melodic Sequencecited by 2
- 2023JAZZVAR: A Dataset of Variations found within Solo Piano Performances of Jazz Standards for Music Overpaintingcited by 2
- 2023An Autoethnographic Exploration of XAI in Algorithmic Compositioncited by 1
- 2025Adaptable Symbolic Music Infilling with MIDI-RWKVcited by 1
- 2026Hidden Biases in Conditioning Autoregressive Modelscited by 1
- 2025DeformTune: A Deformable XAI Music Prototype for Non-Musicianscited by 0
- 2026Pay (Cross) Attention to the Melody: Curriculum Masking for Single-Encoder Melodic Harmonizationcited by 0
- 2026MI-MIDI: Mechanistic Interpretability of Text-to-MIDI Generation Models via Probing, Lenses and Steeringcited by 0
- 2026MI-MIDI: Mechanistic Interpretability of Text-to-MIDI Generation Models via Probing, Lenses and Steering6 Aug 2026
- 2026Hidden Biases in Conditioning Autoregressive Models9 Apr 2026
- 2026Pay (Cross) Attention to the Melody: Curriculum Masking for Single-Encoder Melodic Harmonization22 Jan 2026
- 2025DeformTune: A Deformable XAI Music Prototype for Non-Musicians31 Jul 2025
- 2025Adaptable Symbolic Music Infilling with MIDI-RWKV16 Jun 2025
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Music5 Jun 2025
- 2025Exploring the Needs of Practising Musicians in Co-Creative AI Through Co-Design13 Feb 2025
- 2024Composer's Assistant 2: Interactive Multi-Track MIDI Infilling with Fine-Grained User Control19 Jul 2024
- 2023Exploring Variational Auto-Encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AI14 Nov 2023
- 2023An Autoethnographic Exploration of XAI in Algorithmic Composition11 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring XAI for the Arts: Explaining Latent Space in Generative Music10 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring how a Generative AI interprets music31 Jul 2023
12 more
- 2023JAZZVAR: A Dataset of Variations found within Solo Piano Performances of Jazz Standards for Music Overpainting18 Jul 2023
- 2023The Ethical Implications of Generative Audio Models: A Systematic Literature Review7 Jul 2023
- 2023Anticipatory Music Transformer14 Jun 2023
- 2023Composer's Assistant: An Interactive Transformer for Multi-Track MIDI Infilling29 Jan 2023
- 2022Melody Infilling with User-Provided Structural Context6 Oct 2022
- 2022Learning long-term music representations via hierarchical contextual constraints13 Feb 2022
- 2022MusIAC: An extensible generative framework for Music Infilling Applications with multi-level Control11 Feb 2022
- 2021A Contextual Latent Space Model: Subsequence Modulation in Melodic Sequence23 Nov 2021
- 2021Variable-Length Music Score Infilling via XLNet and Musically Specialized Positional Encoding11 Aug 2021
- 2021Is Disentanglement enough? On Latent Representations for Controllable Music Generation1 Aug 2021
- 2021The Piano Inpainting Application13 Jul 2021
- 2021BERT-like Pre-training for Symbolic Piano Music Classification Tasks12 Jul 2021
- 2023Anticipatory Music Transformercited by 35
- 2021The Piano Inpainting Applicationcited by 23
- 2023The Ethical Implications of Generative Audio Models: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 18
- 2022MusIAC: An extensible generative framework for Music Infilling Applications with multi-level Controlcited by 17
- 2021Variable-Length Music Score Infilling via XLNet and Musically Specialized Positional Encodingcited by 14
- 2021BERT-like Pre-training for Symbolic Piano Music Classification Taskscited by 12
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Musiccited by 10
- 2023Composer's Assistant: An Interactive Transformer for Multi-Track MIDI Infillingcited by 9
- 2023Exploring XAI for the Arts: Explaining Latent Space in Generative Musiccited by 8
- 2021Is Disentanglement enough? On Latent Representations for Controllable Music Generationcited by 7
- 2022Learning long-term music representations via hierarchical contextual constraintscited by 5
- 2024Composer's Assistant 2: Interactive Multi-Track MIDI Infilling with Fine-Grained User Controlcited by 5
12 most cited of 24 All 24 (JSON)
- 2026MI-MIDI: Mechanistic Interpretability of Text-to-MIDI Generation Models via Probing, Lenses and Steering6 Aug 2026
- 2026Hidden Biases in Conditioning Autoregressive Models9 Apr 2026
- 2026Pay (Cross) Attention to the Melody: Curriculum Masking for Single-Encoder Melodic Harmonization22 Jan 2026
- 2025DeformTune: A Deformable XAI Music Prototype for Non-Musicians31 Jul 2025
- 2025Adaptable Symbolic Music Infilling with MIDI-RWKV16 Jun 2025
- 2025Survey on the Evaluation of Generative Models in Music5 Jun 2025
- 2025Exploring the Needs of Practising Musicians in Co-Creative AI Through Co-Design13 Feb 2025
- 2024Composer's Assistant 2: Interactive Multi-Track MIDI Infilling with Fine-Grained User Control19 Jul 2024
- 2023Exploring Variational Auto-Encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AI14 Nov 2023
- 2023An Autoethnographic Exploration of XAI in Algorithmic Composition11 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring XAI for the Arts: Explaining Latent Space in Generative Music10 Aug 2023
- 2023Exploring how a Generative AI interprets music31 Jul 2023
12 newest of 24 All 24 (JSON)